Material and Structure Question: What materials are generally used for cast iron platforms? Answer: Commonly used materials are high - strength cast iron such as HT200 - 300, and sometimes materials like QT400 - 600 are also used. Question: What are the structural forms of cast iron platforms? Answer: There are mainly two structural forms: rib - plate type and box - type. Specifications and Precision Question: What are the specifications of cast iron platforms? Answer: Common specifications range from 100×100mm to 4000×8000mm, and there are also other non - standard specifications that can be customized. Question: How are the accuracy levels of cast iron platforms classified? Answer: According to the national standard metrological verification regulations, they are divided into four levels: level 0, level 1, level 2, and level 3. Usage and Application Question: What are the uses of cast iron platforms? Answer: They are suitable for various product inspection tasks, as precision measurement reference planes, for checking the dimensional accuracy or geometric deviation of parts in machine tool and mechanical inspections, and can also be used for marking, assembly, welding, testing, and other work. Question: In which industries are cast iron platforms widely applied? Answer: They are widely used in many industries such as machinery manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, electronic appliances, aerospace, scientific research, and education. Installation and Maintenance Question: How to install a cast iron platform? Answer: The installation ground should be flat and free from vibration sources. Select a location that is convenient for operation, has sufficient light, and is far from heat sources and vibration sources. Use a level gauge and other tools to level it to ensure that all parts are on the same horizontal plane. Question: How to maintain a cast iron platform in daily use? Answer: Regularly clean impurities such as oil stains and iron filings on the surface to keep it clean and smooth; for those without special anti - rust treatment, apply anti - rust oil regularly; avoid scratching the platform surface with sharp tools; regularly check the flatness, levelness, and load - bearing capacity. Selection Principles Question: How to choose the appropriate accuracy level of a cast iron platform? Answer: For high - precision requirements such as measurement and machine tool calibration, choose a level 0 or level 1 platform. For general machining, a level 2 or level 3 platform can be selected. Question: What factors should be considered when choosing the size and specification of a cast iron platform? Answer: It should be determined according to the size of the workpiece, the working space, and the convenience of operation. An overly large platform will occupy too much space, while an overly small one will affect work efficiency. Other Questions Question: What structures can be processed on the working surface of a cast iron platform? Answer: V - shaped, T - shaped, U - shaped grooves, dovetail grooves, round holes, long holes, etc. can be processed. Question: What is the general service life of a cast iron platform? Answer: Under proper use, it can last for 20 - 30 years or even longer. Platforms made of high - quality materials and with advanced processes can have a service life of more than 60 years. Can cast iron platforms be customized according to specific requirements? What is the surface treatment method of cast iron platforms? How to maintain and store cast iron platforms?

Regarding Material and Performance What are the common materials for marble platforms, and which one is better? Common materials include those from Northeast China, Hebei Province, Jinan Qing, and Zhangqiu Qing. Materials from Zhangqiu and Northeast China offer high cost-effectiveness and can meet the processing requirements of most applications. Jinan Qing or Indian stone materials have excellent performance but come with a higher cost. What are the advantages of marble platforms? They have uniform textures and a black luster, with a precise structure. They feature good stability, high strength, and high hardness, and can maintain high precision under heavy loads and at room temperature. They also have the characteristics of not rusting, being wear-resistant, resistant to acids and alkalis, non-magnetic, and not deforming. Regarding Precision Grades What are the precision grades of marble platforms? Generally, they are classified into Grade 1, Grade 0, Grade 00, and Grade 000. The lower the grade, the higher the precision. For example, the flatness tolerance of a Grade 00 marble platform within an area of 1 square meter can be as low as about 0.005mm. Is there a marble platform with a higher precision than Grade 000? In theory, it is possible, but it requires an extremely high-standard operating environment, and such platforms are relatively rare. In practical applications, Grade 000 precision can already meet the vast majority of high-precision measurement requirements. Regarding Use and Maintenance What should be done before using a marble platform? Ensure that the platform is leveled during the debugging process. Wipe the surface clean with a cotton cloth dipped in alcohol. Place the workpiece to be measured and the relevant measuring tools on the platform for 5-10 minutes. Wait until the temperature has adapted before conducting the measurement. What should be paid attention to during use? Place the workpiece slowly on the platform to avoid impact. The weight of the workpiece should not exceed the rated load. On the platform, light machining should be carried out, and do not move the blank. When using, do not knock or impact the platform, and do not place other items on it. How to maintain a marble platform? Regularly wipe it with a slightly damp cloth using a mild cleaner. Use as little water as possible, and then dry and polish it. Prevent hard objects from hitting or knocking it. For oil stains, you can wipe them with ethanol, acetone, etc., and then clean and dry it. Check and repair it regularly, at least once a year. Is a marble platform greatly affected by temperature? Temperature has a significant impact on its precision. For precise measurement of parts, it is best to conduct the measurement at 20°C. When measuring at room temperature, generally, the temperature of the workpiece and the platform should be made consistent. Avoid placing it near heat sources to prevent thermal deformation. Regarding Installation and Leveling How to install and level a marble platform? First, place the platform flat on the ground and adjust the stability of the four corners by feel, and fine-tune the movable feet. Then, place it on the support frame and adjust the position of the support points to be close to central symmetry. Initially adjust each support foot to make the support points evenly stressed. Use a spirit level or an electronic level gauge to detect and fine-tune it. After the initial adjustment is qualified, let it stand for 12 hours and then detect it again. It can be used only after it is qualified. What are the requirements for the support points during installation? Main support points and auxiliary support points should be set. The main support points are used for the main support during processing, verification, and use. The auxiliary support points are added to avoid load offset, etc. The supporting force of the auxiliary support points should be less than that of the main support points. Regarding Repair and Restoration What are the steps for repairing a marble platform? First, conduct rough grinding to make the thickness and flatness meet the rough grinding standard. Then, carry out semi-fine grinding to remove deep scratches. Next, perform fine grinding, followed by manual precision grinding to achieve the required precision. Finally, polish it to reduce the roughness. What should be done if the marble platform cracks? Epoxy resin adhesive for marble can be used for bonding and patching. First, clean up the debris in the crack. Stir the epoxy resin adhesive for marble evenly with marble particles or powder whose color and pattern are similar to those of the crack opening, and add a curing accelerator. Apply it to the crack opening. After it dries, use a corner surface polishing machine for grinding, polishing, and other operations. If the crack is large or the repair is difficult, it is recommended to consult a professional.

Product Principles and Features Question: What do "three-dimensional" and "flexible" mean respectively in the three-dimensional cast iron flexible welding platform? Answer: "Three-dimensional" represents three directions. Generally, most fixtures are in the longitudinal and transverse directions. However, for this platform, in addition to the two directions on the large surface, the four sides can also be used for installation in the vertical direction, achieving a three-dimensional combination. "Flexible" means that due to the multiple combination and adjustment functions of the platform and its accessories, the whole set of equipment can change according to the changes of the products. One set of fixtures can meet the needs of multiple products, accelerating the product research and development and trial production process, and saving manpower, material resources, and financial resources. Question: What are the advantages of the three-dimensional cast iron flexible welding platform compared with traditional welding platforms? Answer: It has the advantages of being recyclable and enabling rapid positioning and clamping; it can extend and expand the working area in a three-dimensional space; the equipment has good flexibility and can be applied to any product by replacing the corresponding fixtures, and the equipment is not easily eliminated; it has high precision, which can improve product quality and production efficiency. Product Specifications and Parameters Question: What are the requirements for the material of the three-dimensional cast iron flexible welding platform? Answer: Generally, high-strength cast iron HT200-300 or HT300 is used, with a hardness of HB170-240, which has good stability, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. Question: What are the specifications of the hole diameters and hole pitches of the platform? Answer: There are usually two series, D16 and D28. For the D16 series, the holes are Φ16, and the hole pitches are arranged in an array of 50mm±0.05; for the D28 series, the holes are Φ28, and the hole pitches are arranged in an array of 100mm±0.05. Usage and Maintenance Question: How to install the three-dimensional cast iron flexible welding platform? Answer: First, level it with a frame level, and then measure the flatness error with an optical synthetic level or an electronic synthetic level. If it is adjusted with a flat plate support, first hoist the platform smoothly onto the flat plate support. Adjust the adjusting feet under the support and the bolts supporting the flat plate on the support, and use an electronic level or a frame level for debugging to make the bubble in the center position, which indicates that the flat plate is level. Question: What are the precautions for using the three-dimensional cast iron flexible welding platform? Answer: Keep the platform clean frequently; place the workpieces gently to prevent the surface from being impacted; do not perform hammering work on the surface of the platform; wipe it clean in time after use. If it is not used for a long time, apply antirust oil or butter and cover it with white paper; avoid using and storing it in a humid, corrosive, or an environment with too high or too low temperature; try to use the platform evenly to avoid local wear and indentation. Purchase and After-sales Service Question: How to choose a three-dimensional cast iron flexible welding platform with high cost performance? Answer: It is necessary to consider the functional requirements and determine the specifications and functions according to the welding process and the size of the workpieces; pay attention to the quality and materials and choose brands or suppliers with high quality and good reputation; investigate the manufacturing process, as advanced processes can provide higher precision and a more robust structure; conduct price comparisons to ensure that the price is in line with the market value; consider the service and support, including pre-sales consultation, after-sales service, maintenance, etc. Question: How long is the general quality guarantee period for the three-dimensional cast iron flexible welding platform? Answer: The quality guarantee period is usually one year, but it excludes failures or damages caused by human factors or irresistible natural phenomena.

1.What is a frame level and what are its main uses? A frame level is a square universal angle measuring instrument that uses the principles of liquid flow and a horizontal liquid surface. It directly displays slight inclination angles relative to the horizontal and vertical positions through a bubble level. It is mainly used to inspect the straightness of various machine tools and other equipment, the correctness of the installed horizontal and vertical positions, and can also detect tiny inclination angles. For example, during the installation of large mechanical equipment such as CNC lathes and machining centers, a frame level is required for precise leveling to ensure the stable operation of the machine and avoid machining errors caused by vibration. 2.What types of frame levels are there, and what are the differences between different types? Common levels include two types: frame levels and bar levels. A bar level is generally used to detect the levelness in a single direction; while a frame level can detect the levelness in two mutually perpendicular directions simultaneously, that is, perpendicularity and parallelism, and has a wider range of applications. For example, when detecting some equipment that requires multi-directional level calibration, the frame level has obvious advantages. 3.What are the specifications of the measurement accuracy of the frame level? Common measurement accuracies include 0.2/300, 0.5/200, etc. The number in front represents the height difference of inclination per unit length (such as 1m), and the number behind represents the measurement length. For example, 0.2/300 means that in a measurement length of 300mm, the accuracy can reach the detection of a height difference of inclination of 0.2mm. 4.What preparations need to be done before using the frame level? oCheck whether the appearance of the instrument is damaged, ensure that the inside of the bubble level is clean without impurities, and the scale is clear and visible. oWash the antirust oil on the working surface with non-corrosive gasoline, and wipe it clean with a degreased cotton yarn. oIf the ambient temperature during use is different from the storage ambient temperature, the level should be placed on a flat plate in the use environment for 2 hours before use. Because temperature changes can cause measurement errors, it should be isolated from heat sources and air sources. 5.How to use the frame level correctly for measurement? oMeasuring the horizontal plane: Place the frame level steadily on the measured object, ensure that the contact surface is clean and flat, and do not tilt or shake the level. At the same measurement position, the level should be turned to the opposite direction for measurement again. Move along the long side direction of the level and observe the offset of the bubble. If the bubble always deviates from the center, it indicates that the plane has an inclination phenomenon. Quantitatively describe the degree of inclination by reading the scale value. When reading, first determine the position of the bubble, and then calculate the specific deviation value according to the distance between the bubble and the center point. It is recommended to measure repeatedly several times and take the average value to improve the reliability of the data. oMeasuring the vertical plane: Hold the inner side of the auxiliary measuring surface by hand, and make the level stably and vertically (adjust the bubble to be in the middle position) stick to the vertical plane of the workpiece, and then read the number of grids that the bubble moves from the longitudinal level. Do not hold the part opposite to the auxiliary side surface and push it against the vertical plane of the workpiece with force, otherwise the measurement accuracy will be affected due to the deformation of the level caused by the force. 6.During use, what is the reason for the unstable reading of the bubble, and how to solve it? It may be caused by the change of the ambient temperature, which leads to the thermal expansion and contraction of the liquid, or there may be quality problems with the instrument itself. The solution is to try to use it in an environment with relatively stable temperature; regularly calibrate the zero point; for products with serious faults, send them for repair and replacement in a timely manner. 7.What is the reason for the large deviation of the measurement result, and how to solve it? It may be due to improper operation, such as not placing the level correctly, measuring in a vibrating environment, etc.; it may also be caused by the aging and wear of the equipment. The solution is to operate in strict accordance with the instructions for use; for old equipment, it is recommended to repair or replace it in a timely manner. 8.How should the frame level be maintained after use? After use, the working surface must be wiped clean, and anti-rust oil without water and acid should be applied. Cover it with moisture-proof paper, put it in a box, and store it in a clean and dry place. Avoid exposing it to a humid environment for a long time to prevent the metal parts from rusting. If it is not used for a long time, it is also recommended to take it out regularly for inspection, wiping, and applying anti-rust oil. 9.How to choose a suitable frame level? oConsider the accuracy requirements: Select according to the accuracy requirements of the actual measurement task. For example, high-precision machining requires a frame level with higher accuracy, such as the 0.02mm/m accuracy grade; for the installation and debugging of general ordinary equipment, the conventional accuracy can be selected. oPay attention to the brand and quality: Choose products from well-known brands with reliable quality. A level with good quality has high accuracy and stability of the bubble level, a sturdy and durable metal frame, and small measurement errors. oConsider the size specifications: Select a frame level of a suitable size according to the size of the measured object and the measurement range to ensure that it can cover the measurement area and is easy to operate.

1.What is a cast iron right angle ruler and what are its main uses? A cast iron right angle ruler is a professional measuring tool made of high-quality cast iron materials through machining and manual fine grinding. Its main purpose is to detect the perpendicularity of workpieces and the perpendicularity of the relative positions of workpieces. It is widely used in industries such as machinery manufacturing, equipment installation, and component processing. For example, in machine tool manufacturing, it is used to detect the perpendicularity of machine tool guides to ensure the accuracy of the machine tool; during equipment installation, it helps workers accurately adjust the position of the equipment to make it meet the vertical installation requirements and ensure the stable operation of the equipment. 2.What are the specifications and accuracy grades of cast iron right angle rulers? There are various specifications. Common ones include 750×40, 1000×50, 1200×50, 1500×60, 2000×80, 2500×80, 3000×100, 3500×100, 4000×100, etc. The accuracy grades are generally divided into grade 00, grade 0, grade 1, and grade 2. Grade 00 has the highest accuracy and is used for detecting precision measuring tools; grade 1 is suitable for inspecting precision workpieces; grade 2 is used for inspecting general workpieces. Different accuracy grades result in different allowable errors in the perpendicularity of the measuring surface to the base surface, the flatness or straightness of the measuring surface, and the flatness or straightness of the base surface. 3.How to correctly select a cast iron right angle ruler that meets your own needs? First of all, select the accuracy grade according to the accuracy requirements of the measurement task. If it is a high-precision measurement, a cast iron right angle ruler of grade 00 or grade 0 should be selected; if it is a general workpiece inspection, grade 1 or grade 2 can basically meet the needs. Secondly, choose a suitable specification according to the size of the workpiece to be measured to ensure that the right angle ruler can cover the measured part and is easy to operate. In addition, it is also necessary to consider the reputation of the manufacturer and the product quality. Select products from brands with a good reputation and reliable quality to ensure the accuracy of the measurement and the service life of the right angle ruler. 4.What preparations need to be done before using a cast iron right angle ruler? Before use, first check whether there are defects such as bruises and rust on each working surface and edge of the cast iron right angle ruler, whether the scale is clear, and whether the cast iron surface is flat. Then clean the working surface of the right angle ruler and the surface to be inspected, removing impurities such as dust and oil stains on the surface to avoid affecting the measurement accuracy. If the temperature of the measurement environment differs greatly from the storage temperature of the right angle ruler, the right angle ruler should be placed in the measurement environment for a period of time to make its temperature consistent with the environmental temperature before measurement, so as to avoid measurement errors caused by thermal expansion and contraction. 5.How to correctly use a cast iron right angle ruler for measurement? Place the right angle ruler against the working surface of the workpiece to be measured, making the surface where the right angle ruler contacts the workpiece smooth and flat. The right angle ruler should be vertically and closely against the workpiece to be measured without being skewed, and it should be placed in a plane perpendicular to the intersection line of the two surfaces forming the right angle, otherwise measurement errors will occur. When inspecting the outer corner of the workpiece, use the inner working angle of the cast iron right angle ruler, and when inspecting the inner corner of the workpiece, use the outer working angle of the right angle ruler. During the measurement, the light gap method can be used to identify whether the inspected right angle is correct, that is, observe the light gap between the right angle ruler and the workpiece to be measured. A uniform gap indicates that the angle is accurate. To obtain a more accurate measurement result, the right angle ruler can be turned over 180 degrees and measured again, and the arithmetic mean of the two readings before and after is taken as the measurement result, which can eliminate the possible deviation of the right angle ruler itself. 6.What are the precautions during use? Do not measure the rotating workpiece on a running machine, otherwise it is easy to damage the angle ruler and may also lead to inaccurate measurement of the workpiece angle and cause safety accidents. Do not use the cast iron right angle ruler as a powerful prying tool or squeezing tool, and do not try to modify or change its design or structure in any way. It is strictly prohibited to carry out maintenance or repair operations privately. If maintenance or repair is required, it should be handed over to professional personnel. At the same time, pay attention to the consistency of the workpiece temperature. Do not measure the workpiece that is too cold or too hot. Do not hold the angle for a long time in your hand to avoid affecting the measurement accuracy due to temperature. 7.How to maintain the cast iron right angle ruler after use? After use, immediately clean the surface of the right angle ruler, remove the dirt and impurities on the surface, and then apply anti-rust oil to prevent rust. Store it in a dry, ventilated, and dust-free environment, avoid contact with corrosive substances such as grease, and do not stack it together with other measuring tools and fixtures to prevent damage caused by mutual collision. Regularly check whether the scale of the right angle ruler is clear, whether the cast iron surface is flat, and whether there are problems such as looseness or damage. If there are problems, repair or replace it in time. At the base and sliding parts of the right angle ruler and other positions that need lubrication, regularly use high-quality lubricants or lubricating oils for lubrication. Pay attention not to apply too much to ensure the flexibility and accuracy of the right angle ruler.

1.What is a cast iron bend plate and what are its main uses? A cast iron bend plate is a specialized tool widely used in the fields of machining and inspection. It is usually made of high-strength cast iron material such as HT200-300 and undergoes processes like machining and manual scraping to ensure its accuracy and stability. Its main uses include: In the inspection of components, it is used to check the 90° angle of workpieces and detect the mutual perpendicularity of relevant surfaces of components; in machining, it is used for clamping workpieces to provide stable positioning for processing; it is also commonly used for marking out by fitters to provide an accurate reference for subsequent processing; in addition, during the installation of machine tools and instruments, it can be used to check vertical surfaces to ensure the installation accuracy of the equipment. For example, in precision mold manufacturing, cast iron bend plates are used to ensure the perpendicularity of mold components, thus improving the quality and service life of the molds. 2.What are the specifications and accuracy grades of cast iron bend plates? In terms of specifications, common ones include 200×200mm, 300×200mm, 300×300mm, 400×300mm, 400×400mm, 500×400mm, 500×500mm, 800×600mm, etc. They can also be customized according to customer requirements, such as 300～1500 (millimeters). The accuracy grades are generally divided into grade 0, grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3. Grade 0 has the highest accuracy and is suitable for high-precision inspection and precision machining; grade 1 and grade 2 are suitable for machining and inspection with general accuracy requirements; grade 3 has relatively lower accuracy and is often used in some occasions where the accuracy requirements are not particularly high. Larger-sized cast iron bend plates may only achieve grade 3 accuracy. 3.How to correctly select a cast iron bend plate that meets your own needs? First of all, you should select the accuracy grade according to the actual precision requirements of the work. If it is high-precision measurement or machining, such as in precision instrument manufacturing and aerospace component processing, you need to choose a cast iron bend plate of grade 0 or grade 1 accuracy; if it is general machining and inspection work, grade 2 accuracy can basically meet the needs; for ordinary work with lower accuracy requirements, a grade 3 accuracy bend plate is sufficient. Secondly, you should determine the specification of the bend plate according to the size and shape of the workpiece to be measured to ensure that the bend plate can be adapted to the workpiece and is convenient for operation and clamping. At the same time, you also need to consider the reputation of the manufacturer and the product quality. Give priority to manufacturers with a good reputation and mature production processes to ensure the quality and service life of the bend plate. 4.What preparations need to be done before using a cast iron bend plate? Before use, carefully check the appearance of the cast iron bend plate to see if there are any defects such as bumps, scratches, or deformations, and ensure that the working surface is smooth and free of impurities. Then wipe the working surface of the bend plate clean with a clean soft cloth or cotton yarn to remove dust, oil stains, etc. on the surface to avoid affecting the measurement accuracy and clamping effect. If the temperature of the measurement environment differs greatly from the storage temperature of the bend plate, place the bend plate in the measurement environment for a period of time to make its temperature consistent with the environmental temperature to avoid measurement errors caused by thermal expansion and contraction. In addition, also check whether the supporting clamping tools, measuring instruments, etc. are complete and in normal working condition. 5.How to correctly use a cast iron bend plate for measurement and clamping? Measurement: Place the cast iron bend plate steadily on a stable workbench to ensure good contact between it and the workbench without shaking. Lean the workpiece to be measured against the working surface of the bend plate, making the workpiece fit closely with the bend plate, and pay attention to maintaining the perpendicular relationship between the workpiece and the bend plate. Auxiliary measuring tools such as feeler gauges and dial indicators can be used to measure the gap or deviation between the workpiece and the bend plate to determine the perpendicularity of the workpiece. To improve the accuracy of the measurement, measure multiple times at different positions and take the average value. Clamping: According to the shape and size of the workpiece, select an appropriate clamping method, such as using bolts, fixtures, etc. to fix the workpiece on the bend plate. Ensure that the clamping is firm to avoid the displacement of the workpiece during processing. Adjust the position of the workpiece to make it reach the positioning accuracy required for processing. For example, in milling processing, use a cast iron bend plate to clamp the workpiece to ensure the perpendicularity between the milling plane and the reference plane. 6.What are the precautions during use? During use, avoid subjecting the cast iron bend plate to severe impacts or heavy pressures to prevent it from deforming and being damaged, which may affect its accuracy. Do not use or store the bend plate in a humid, corrosive environment or an environment with extremely high or low temperatures to avoid problems such as rusting and a decrease in accuracy. During the clamping and measurement processes, operate gently to avoid damaging the workpiece or the bend plate due to excessive force. At the same time, regularly calibrate the accuracy of the bend plate. If the accuracy exceeds the tolerance, repair or replace it in a timely manner. In addition, when using supporting tools, ensure that the tools are suitable for the bend plate to avoid damage caused by inappropriate tools. 7.How to maintain the cast iron bend plate after use? After use, immediately wipe the working surface of the bend plate with a clean soft cloth to remove impurities such as iron filings and oil stains on the surface. Then apply a layer of anti-rust oil to prevent rusting. For bend plates that are not used for a long time, cover them with plastic film for protection. Store the bend plate in a dry, ventilated, and dust-free environment to avoid collisions with other hard objects. Regularly inspect the bend plate to check if there are any situations such as rusting or deformation, and deal with the problems in a timely manner if any. If the surface of the bend plate has T-slots or other special structures, pay attention to cleaning the debris in the slots to ensure its normal use.

1.What is a cast iron straight rule and what are its main uses? A cast iron straight rule is a measuring tool made of high-quality cast iron materials (such as HT200, etc.). Through processes such as casting, machining, and precision grinding, it has high precision and stability. It is mainly used in fields such as machining, component inspection, and fitter marking-out. In machining, it can be used to measure the length and straightness of workpieces, providing dimensional references for processing and ensuring machining accuracy. During component inspection, it can determine whether the linear dimensions of workpieces meet the standards and detect the straightness errors of surfaces. In fitter marking-out work, it serves as a reference tool to assist in drawing accurate straight lines and guiding subsequent processing operations. For example, in the manufacturing of automotive engine components, a cast iron straight rule is used to measure the dimensions of components such as pistons and connecting rods to ensure they meet the design requirements. 2.What are the specifications and accuracy grades of cast iron straight rules? In terms of specifications, common lengths of cast iron straight rules include 150mm, 300mm, 500mm, 1000mm, 1500mm, etc. The width and thickness will also vary according to the length to ensure the rigidity and stability of the straight rule. The accuracy grades are generally divided into grade 0, grade 1, and grade 2. Grade 0 has the highest accuracy and is suitable for high-precision measurement and machining, such as in optical instrument manufacturing and aerospace component processing. Grade 1 accuracy is suitable for machining and inspection with general accuracy requirements, such as the manufacturing and inspection of ordinary mechanical parts. Grade 2 accuracy is relatively lower and is often used in situations where the accuracy requirements are not particularly high, such as some simple mechanical repairs and general construction measurements. 3.How to correctly select a cast iron straight rule that meets your own needs? First of all, determine the accuracy grade according to the accuracy requirements of the work. If it is a high-precision measurement task, a cast iron straight rule of grade 0 or grade 1 accuracy must be selected. For ordinary machining and inspection, grade 1 or grade 2 accuracy can meet the needs. Secondly, choose the length of the straight rule according to the size of the workpiece to be measured, ensuring that the straight rule can cover the measured length and avoiding it being too long or too short, which may affect the operation and measurement accuracy. In addition, consider the reputation of the manufacturer and the product quality. Give priority to manufacturers with a good reputation and mature production processes to ensure the quality and service life of the straight rule. For example, in precision mold manufacturing, a grade 0 cast iron straight rule with high precision and reliable quality is required to ensure the accuracy of the mold dimensions. 4.What preparations need to be done before using a cast iron straight rule? Before use, carefully check the appearance of the straight rule to see if there are any defects such as bumps, scratches, or deformations, and ensure that the measuring surface of the straight rule is smooth and free of impurities. Wipe the measuring surface of the straight rule clean with a clean soft cloth or cotton yarn to remove dust, oil stains, etc. on the surface to prevent these impurities from affecting the measurement accuracy. If the temperature of the measurement environment differs greatly from the storage temperature of the straight rule, place the straight rule in the measurement environment for a period of time to make its temperature consistent with the environmental temperature to avoid measurement errors caused by thermal expansion and contraction. In addition, also check whether the supporting measuring tools (such as calipers, micrometers, etc.) are complete and in normal working condition. 5.How to correctly use a cast iron straight rule for measurement? Closely fit the measuring edge of the cast iron straight rule to the edge of the workpiece to be measured, ensuring that the straight rule is parallel to the workpiece to be measured and avoiding any skew, otherwise measurement errors will occur. When measuring, keep your eyes level with the scale lines of the straight rule to reduce parallax. When reading the scale value, read the scale closest to the edge of the workpiece to be measured. For longer workpieces, a segmented measurement method can be used, and then add up the measurement values of each segment to obtain the total length. To improve the accuracy of the measurement, measure multiple times at different positions and take the average value. When measuring the straightness, place the straight rule on the measured surface, observe the gap between the straight rule and the surface, and use tools such as feeler gauges to measure the size of the gap to determine the straightness error. 6.What are the precautions during use? During use, avoid subjecting the cast iron straight rule to severe impacts or heavy pressures to prevent it from deforming and being damaged, which may affect its accuracy. Do not use or store the straight rule in a humid, corrosive environment or an environment with extremely high or low temperatures to avoid problems such as rusting and a decrease in accuracy. During the measurement process, operate gently to avoid damaging the workpiece or the straight rule due to excessive force. At the same time, regularly calibrate the accuracy of the straight rule. If the accuracy exceeds the tolerance, repair or replace it in a timely manner. In addition, do not use the cast iron straight rule to measure workpieces in operation to prevent potential hazards. 7.How to maintain the cast iron straight rule after use? After use, immediately wipe the measuring surface of the straight rule with a clean soft cloth to remove impurities such as iron filings and oil stains on the surface. Then apply a layer of anti-rust oil to prevent rusting. For straight rules that are not used for a long time, cover them with plastic film for protection. Store the straight rule in a dry, ventilated, and dust-free environment to avoid collisions with other hard objects. Regularly inspect the straight rule to check if there are any situations such as rusting or deformation, and deal with the problems in a timely manner if any. If there are situations such as scale wear on the surface of the straight rule, carefully evaluate whether it can still meet the measurement accuracy requirements and replace it if necessary.

Basic Information Question: What is a cast iron square box? Answer: A cast iron square box is a cavity cube or cuboid with six working surfaces made of cast iron. Some square boxes have a V-shaped groove on one working surface, and some have two mutually perpendicular V-shaped grooves. Question: What materials are generally used to make cast iron square boxes? Answer: It is usually made of gray cast iron, such as HT200, HT250, etc. This kind of material has high hardness and good shock absorption performance. Question: What accuracy grades do cast iron square boxes have? Answer: Generally, they can be divided into grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3. Grade 1 and grade 2 are inspection square boxes with relatively high accuracy, which are used for more precise measurement and inspection. Grade 3 is a marking square box with relatively lower accuracy, mainly used for general marking work. Applications Question: What are the main uses of cast iron square boxes? Answer: It is mainly used to measure the parallelism and perpendicularity of mechanical parts, and can also be used for marking. For example, in machining, the workpiece can be fixed on the square box, and marking or measurement in different directions can be achieved by turning the square box. When inspecting parts, the reference surface of the square box is used to detect the parallelism and perpendicularity of the workpiece. Question: In which industries are cast iron square boxes used? Answer: It is widely used in many industrial fields such as machinery manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, aerospace, and mold manufacturing. In machinery manufacturing, it is used for part processing and inspection. In automobile manufacturing, it is used for measuring and marking engine, chassis and other parts. In the aerospace field, it is used for the processing and assembly inspection of precision parts. Usage and Maintenance Question: What preparations need to be made before using a cast iron square box? Answer: Before use, the square box should be cleaned with pure gasoline and wiped clean with a gauze. At the same time, check whether there are any defects that affect the quality, such as rust stains, scratches, cracks, bruises, depressions, sand holes, and impurities on each working surface of the square box. Question: How to use a cast iron square box correctly for measurement? Answer: Place the cast iron square box on a clean platform, machine tool guide rail, or other reference planes. Fix the workpiece to be measured on the square box. By turning the square box, make the measured dimension perpendicular to the working surface of the platform, and use measuring tools for measurement. If measuring shaft-shaped workpieces, a square box with a V-shaped groove can be used to fix the workpiece. Question: What should be noted when using a cast iron square box? Answer: Handle it with care, avoid collisions and drops, and prevent the working surface of the square box from being damaged, which will affect the accuracy. The use environment should maintain a normal temperature and a normal humidity range, and avoid using it in a high-temperature, humid, or corrosive environment. Clean it up in time after use and apply an anti-rust paint. Question: How to maintain a cast iron square box? Answer: After use, it should be cleaned and wiped clean, and an anti-rust paint should be applied. When not in use for a long time, it should be placed in a dry, ventilated place without corrosive gases, and avoid collisions with other hard objects. Regularly check the accuracy of the square box. If the accuracy exceeds the tolerance, adjust, scrape and repair it in time. Purchase Question: How to choose a suitable cast iron square box? Answer: First, determine the accuracy grade according to the usage requirements. For example, choose grade 1 or grade 2 for precision measurement, and grade 3 is sufficient for general marking. Then, select an appropriate size according to the size and shape of the workpiece to be measured. Also, choose a manufacturer with a good reputation and mature production technology to ensure the product quality. Question: What aspects should be paid attention to when purchasing a cast iron square box? Answer: Pay attention to whether the material is high-quality cast iron, check whether there are defects in the appearance of the square box, whether the structure is stable, and whether the accuracy indicators such as the flatness, perpendicularity, and parallelism of each working surface meet the requirements. At the same time, consider whether the price is within the budget.

Basic Information Question: What is a cast iron ground rail? Answer: A cast iron ground rail is a basic measuring tool used in industrial production. It is usually made of cast iron material and has a working surface that can be flat or with T-shaped grooves. It is used for the welding, assembly, testing, and inspection of workpieces, providing a stable and precise reference plane for relevant operations. Question: What materials are generally used to make cast iron ground rails? Answer: Grey cast iron is often used, such as HT200 - HT300 and other materials. For those with special requirements, cast steel materials like ZG200 - 400 may also be used. Question: What are the hardness and accuracy grades of cast iron ground rails? Answer: The hardness of the working surface is generally between HB170 - 220 or 187 - 255. The accuracy grades range from grade 0 to grade 3. Applications Question: What are the main uses of cast iron ground rails? Answer: It is mainly used for the assembly, testing, welding, and inspection of large equipment. It can serve as a platform for the welding process of workpieces and also provide a reference plane for precision measurement, marking, and other work in production workshops or metrology departments. Question: In which industries are cast iron ground rails used? Answer: It is widely used in industries such as machinery manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, aerospace, mold manufacturing, and shipbuilding. As long as it involves the processing, assembly, and inspection of large workpieces, cast iron ground rails may be used. Usage and Maintenance Question: What preparations need to be made before using cast iron ground rails? Answer: Check whether there are defects that affect the use, such as sand holes, air holes, and cracks on the working surface of the ground rail; clean the dust, oil stains, and other impurities on the surface of the ground rail; prepare the required measuring tools or auxiliary fixtures, etc. Question: How to hoist cast iron ground rails correctly? Answer: Use four steel wire ropes of equal length to simultaneously hang the lifting holes on both sides of the ground rail, and hoist it steadily. Question: What should be noted when using cast iron ground rails? Answer: Avoid excessive impacts and hammering on it; prevent sharp objects from scratching the working surface; keep the use environment dry and ventilated, and keep it away from heat sources and corrosive substances; remove the workpieces from the ground rail in time after use to avoid deformation of the ground rail caused by long-term heavy pressure. Question: How to maintain cast iron ground rails? Answer: Clean the working surface in time after use, apply anti-rust oil, and cover it with anti-rust paper; regularly detect and adjust the accuracy of the ground rail, and the general verification period is 6 - 12 months; when not in use for a long time, place it in a dry and corrosion-free environment. Installation Question: How to install cast iron ground rails? Answer: First, place and pad the adjusting shims firmly at each support point of the ground rail. Use a strip bridge plate and a synthetic level to level one ground rail first, and then use it as a reference to carry out the initial adjustment one by one. Then, pour cement. After the cement paste solidifies, carry out the fine adjustment and inspection. Question: What are the accuracy requirements for the installation of cast iron ground rails? Answer: Within any 1m length, the horizontal deviation should not be greater than 1mm, and the total length deviation should not be greater than 2mm. The horizontal deviation of the corresponding points between the rails should not be greater than 1mm. The parallelism deviation between each two rails should be less than 2mm, and the straightness should not be greater than 8mm within the total length. Casting and Defects Question: What casting defects may occur during the casting process of cast iron ground rails? Answer: Defects such as air holes, sand holes, sand inclusion, sand sticking, shrinkage cavities, and shrinkage porosity may occur. Question: How to prevent casting defects in cast iron ground rails? Answer: Reasonably design the gating system to ensure smooth exhaust; control the compactness of the sand mold to make it uniform and not too tight; ensure good exhaust of the sand core; shorten the residence time before wet mold casting; clean up the sand falling in the mold before closing the mold, etc. Purchase Question: How to choose suitable cast iron ground rails? Answer: Determine the accuracy grade and size specification according to the usage requirements, consider the load-bearing capacity, and choose a manufacturer with a good reputation and mature production technology. Question: What aspects should be paid attention to when purchasing cast iron ground rails? Answer: Pay attention to the material and appearance quality, and check for any defects; check whether the structure is reasonable and stable; confirm whether the accuracy indicators meet the requirements; understand the price and after-sales service, etc.

Basic Information Question: What is a V-block? Answer: A V-block, also known as a cast iron V-block, cast iron V-shaped block, or V-shaped iron, is a tool used to place round workpieces such as shafts, sleeves, and discs. It can be used to find the center line and draw lines, and is also used for clamping in machining. Question: What materials are V-blocks generally made of? Answer: The main materials include ductile iron, gray iron, cast steel, marble, and magnetic materials, etc. Ductile iron V-blocks are generally used in scenarios with small specifications and high precision requirements; gray iron V-blocks are widely used due to their low cost, short production cycle, and simple process. Question: What accuracy grades do V-blocks have? Answer: Common accuracy grades include grade 0, grade 1, grade 2, etc. Applications and Functions Question: What are the main uses of V-blocks? Answer: It is mainly used to detect and inspect the dimensional errors of shaft or cylindrical workpieces. It can also be used to correct the perpendicularity, concentricity of shaft workpieces and marking out, etc. It is also commonly used for clamping in machining. Question: What are the applications of V-blocks in different industries? Answer: In the machinery manufacturing industry, it is used for part processing and inspection; in the automotive manufacturing industry, it is used for the inspection and assembly of engine shaft parts; in the aerospace field, it is used for the machining positioning and inspection of precision shaft parts. Usage and Maintenance Question: What preparations need to be made before using a V-block? Answer: Check whether there are defects such as bumps and scratches on the working surface of the V-block; clean the dust, oil stains, and other impurities on the surface of the V-block; prepare the workpieces to be inspected or clamped and the necessary auxiliary tools. Question: How to use a V-block correctly? Answer: V-blocks are generally used in pairs. Place the workpiece in the V-shaped groove to ensure that the workpiece fits closely with the V-block. For measurements with high precision requirements, appropriate measuring tools should be used in combination. The load should be strictly in accordance with the regulations to avoid overloading. Question: How to maintain and service a V-block? Answer: After use, clean up the debris on the surface of the V-block in a timely manner and apply anti-rust oil. Place it vertically in a dry and dust-proof place. Regularly detect and calibrate the accuracy of the V-block. Installation and Fixing Question: Does a V-block need to be installed? How to install it? Answer: Some large or specially used V-blocks may need to be installed. Generally, place the V-block on a flat and stable workbench. If necessary, use bolts and other connecting pieces to fix it on the workbench or equipment to ensure that it will not move or shake during use. Question: What are the accuracy requirements for installing a V-block? Answer: The workbench surface on which the V-block is placed should be kept horizontal, and the flatness error is generally required to be within a certain range. For V-blocks used in pairs, the difference in the center height of the V-shaped grooves should be controlled within a small range to ensure the accuracy of workpiece placement. Purchase and Customization Question: How to choose a suitable V-block? Answer: Select a V-block of appropriate specifications and accuracy grades according to the size and accuracy requirements of the workpiece. Consider whether the material meets the requirements of the usage environment and performance. Choose a manufacturer with a good reputation and quality assurance. Question: Can V-blocks be customized? Answer: Many manufacturers can provide customization services. Non-standard V-blocks can be customized according to special workpiece shapes, sizes, accuracy requirements, and usage environments. Detection and Calibration Question: How to detect the accuracy of a V-block? Answer: For example, to detect the parallelism of the V-shaped groove to the side surface, place the side surface of the V-block with a cylindrical inspection rod fixed in the V-shaped groove on a flat plate. Use a micrometer to measure the busbar points of the cylindrical inspection rod near the two end faces of the V-shaped groove. Read the difference between the two readings, then turn the V-block over 180° and repeat the measurement. Take the larger value as the parallelism error. Question: What is the general calibration cycle for V-blocks? Answer: It is generally recommended to calibrate the accuracy every 3 to 6 months. If it is used frequently or in an environment with high precision requirements, the calibration cycle can be appropriately shortened. If it is used less frequently and the environment is stable, the calibration cycle can be appropriately extended.

Question: What is an adjusting shim iron? Answer: An adjusting shim iron is a tool used for supporting and adjusting equipment. Its main function is to evenly transfer the weight of the equipment to the foundation, and by adjusting its height, the equipment can reach a horizontal state, ensuring the equipment remains stable during operation, reducing vibration and noise, and improving the working accuracy and stability of the equipment. Question: What are the common structural forms of adjusting shim irons? Answer: The common ones are two-layer and three-layer structural forms. The two-layer structure is relatively simple, while the three-layer structure is more excellent in shock absorption and adjustment performance, and can better meet different equipment installation requirements. Question: What materials are generally used to make adjusting shim irons? Answer: There are various materials. Cast iron adjusting shim irons have good stability and durability, and are suitable for equipment with high requirements for accuracy and stability. Steel shim irons have high strength and good wear resistance, and are often used for medium-sized equipment. Rubber shim irons have good shock absorption effects, which can effectively reduce the vibration and noise generated during equipment operation, and are mostly used for light equipment or places with strict environmental noise requirements. Question: How are the accuracy grades of adjusting shim irons divided? Answer: The accuracy is generally divided into grade 000, grade 00, grade 0, grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3. Shim irons with a flatness above grade 3 are often used for work with high accuracy requirements such as inspection, marking out, and assembly. Shim irons with a flatness below grade 3 are generally used for operations with relatively low accuracy requirements such as riveting and welding. Applications and Functions Question: In which scenarios are adjusting shim irons mainly applied? Answer: They are widely used in the installation and debugging of various mechanical equipment, such as metal processing machine tools, forging machine tools, textile machinery, printing machinery, food processing machines, rubber machinery, wire and cable machinery, packaging machinery, generators, and heavy equipment. As long as it is a scenario where it is necessary to ensure the stable and horizontal operation of the equipment, adjusting shim irons may be used. Question: What key roles do adjusting shim irons play in equipment installation? Answer: Firstly, they support the weight of the equipment, evenly distributing the weight of the equipment to the foundation to prevent local excessive pressure on the foundation from deforming and ensuring the stable placement of the equipment. Secondly, they adjust the level of the equipment. By adjusting the height of the shim irons, the equipment can reach the required levelness, which is of great significance for ensuring the machining accuracy of the equipment and reducing equipment wear and failures. Thirdly, they reduce vibration and noise. Some elements such as shock-absorbing rubber or springs inside the adjusting shim irons can effectively absorb the vibration generated during equipment operation, reducing the impact on the surrounding environment and reducing noise pollution. In addition, the use of adjusting shim irons can also make the installation and disassembly of equipment more convenient. There is no need for complex ground treatment or anchor bolt fixing, saving installation time and costs. Usage and Maintenance Question: What preparations need to be done before using adjusting shim irons? Answer: First, clean the installation ground to ensure that there are no sundries, oil stains, and protrusions on the ground, and make sure the ground is flat and clean. Then, check whether the quantity, specifications, and quality of the adjusting shim irons meet the equipment installation requirements, and check whether there are any defects such as damage and deformation on the surface of the shim irons. At the same time, prepare measuring tools such as a level gauge for adjusting the levelness of the equipment later. Question: How to install and use adjusting shim irons correctly? Answer: Place the adjusting shim irons evenly distributed under the supporting points of the equipment base. It is generally recommended to arrange them at the four corners and the center position of the equipment base. For equipment with anchor bolts, first pass the anchor bolts through the holes of the equipment base and the corresponding holes of the adjusting shim irons, and initially tighten the nuts. For adjusting shim irons that do not require anchor bolt fixing, just place them in the appropriate position. Then, use a level gauge to check the levelness of the equipment, and adjust the height by rotating the adjusting screws of the adjusting shim irons to make the equipment reach a horizontal state. During the adjustment, it should be carried out step by step, and the adjustment range each time should not be too large. Check with the level gauge while adjusting to ensure that the equipment is horizontal in all directions. After the adjustment is completed, for the adjusting shim irons with nuts, tighten the nuts to fix the position of the shim irons to prevent them from loosening or moving. Question: What are the maintenance key points of adjusting shim irons? Answer: Regularly check the tightening condition of the adjusting shim irons, and tighten the nuts in time if there is any looseness. Regularly check the levelness of the equipment. If the levelness changes, readjust the height of the shim irons. Regularly clean the surface of the adjusting shim irons, remove oil stains, dust, and sundries, and keep the surface of the shim irons clean to ensure good contact between them and the equipment base and the ground. For steel adjusting shim irons, take anti-corrosion measures, such as painting or galvanizing, to prevent rust and corrosion. If any damage or deformation is found on the adjusting shim irons, replace them with new ones in time to ensure the stability and accuracy of the equipment. Purchase and Customization Question: How to choose suitable adjusting shim irons? Answer: Choose according to the type and weight of the equipment. For heavy equipment, choose cast iron or steel adjusting shim irons to bear the large weight. For light equipment, rubber shim irons can be selected. Choose according to the installation environment. In environments with high requirements for noise and vibration, choose shock-absorbing shim irons. When the installation ground is uneven or the foundation is poor, choose adjustable shim irons or inclined shim irons. Select according to the accuracy requirements. For high-precision processing equipment, choose shim irons with higher accuracy, such as ground shim irons or precision adjustable shim irons. At the same time, pay attention to the load-bearing capacity of the shim irons to ensure that they can bear the weight of the equipment. Question: Can adjusting shim irons be customized? Answer: In many cases, they can be customized. If your equipment has special size and load-bearing requirements, or there are special restrictions in the installation environment and the conventional adjusting shim irons cannot meet the needs, you can contact professional manufacturers to customize non-standard adjusting shim irons according to the actual needs. The manufacturer will design and produce them according to the parameters and requirements you provide. Detection and Calibration Question: How to detect the accuracy of adjusting shim irons? Answer: Place a high-precision level gauge on the equipment workbench supported by the adjusting shim irons, and measure the levelness deviation of the equipment in different directions to indirectly detect whether the adjusting shim irons can make the equipment reach the required level accuracy. Tools such as a dial indicator can also be used to measure the height change accuracy of the adjusting shim irons during the adjustment process. For adjusting shim irons with parallelism requirements, it is also necessary to detect the parallelism of their working surfaces, which can be measured with the cooperation of a flat plate and a dial indicator. Question: How often do adjusting shim irons need to be calibrated? Answer: There is no fixed standard for the calibration cycle, which mainly depends on the usage frequency of the equipment, the working environment, and the requirements for accuracy. Generally speaking, for equipment that is frequently used and has high accuracy requirements, the adjusting shim irons may need to be calibrated every 1-3 months. For equipment with low usage frequency, a stable working environment, and relatively less strict accuracy requirements, the calibration cycle can be extended to half a year or even a year.

Basic Cognition Question: What is the main function of ground anchor devices? Answer: Ground anchor devices are mainly used to fix and adjust equipment platforms, such as large assembly platforms and machine tools, to ensure that the equipment is in a horizontal state. In the agricultural field, they can be used to fix greenhouse films, build greenhouses, and support fruit tree branches. Question: What are the common types of ground anchor devices? Answer: In the industrial field, there are side-top ground anchor devices, etc. In the agricultural field, there are new thickened single-layer and double-layer ground anchors, etc. Side-top ground anchor devices are used for the horizontal adjustment of large platforms and machine tools. Single-layer agricultural ground anchors have a simple structure and low cost, while double-layer ground anchors have a more stable structure and can bear greater tensile force. Application-related Question: What are the differences in the application of ground anchor devices between the industrial and agricultural fields? Answer: In the industrial field, they are mainly used for equipment installation and platform horizontal adjustment to ensure the accuracy and stability of the equipment. In the agricultural field, they are used for pressing greenhouse films and building greenhouses to resist adverse weather and provide a stable environment for crops. They are also used for supporting fruit tree branches to help shape the trees and improve the yield and quality of fruits. Question: What impact do different soil conditions have on the use of ground anchor devices? Answer: In clay soil, ground anchor devices have a better fixing effect, but they may be more difficult to insert and pull out. In sandy soil, insertion is relatively easy, but the fixing force may be slightly weaker, and it may be necessary to increase the number or depth of the ground anchor devices. In soil with a lot of rocks, the installation is difficult, and special tools and methods may be required. In overly soft soil, ground anchor devices are prone to loosening, and reinforcement measures should be taken. Installation and Use Question: What preparations should be made before installing ground anchor devices? Answer: Select a flat and solid installation ground; check the quantity, specifications, and quality of the ground anchor devices to ensure there is no damage or deformation; prepare installation tools such as an electric drill, drill bits, and wrenches. Question: How to check if the ground anchor devices are installed correctly and meet the requirements? Answer: Gently shake or pull the fixed object connected to the ground anchor devices to check if the ground anchor devices shake or loosen; check if the ground anchor devices are perpendicular to the ground and if the connection parts are tight; for those with requirements for levelness, use the ground anchor devices in combination with a level gauge to check the levelness of the equipment platform. Maintenance Question: What factors affect the service life of ground anchor devices? Answer: The quality of the material is crucial. Ground anchor devices made of high-quality steel or alloy materials are more durable. The usage environment also has a great impact. For example, in a humid and highly corrosive environment, the service life will be shortened. In addition, the frequency of use, and whether the installation and maintenance are correct also affect its lifespan. Question: How to deal with the corrosion of ground anchor devices? Answer: For slight corrosion, you can use sandpaper or a wire brush to remove the rust, and then apply anti-rust paint. For severely corroded ground anchor devices, in order to ensure the fixing effect and safety, it is recommended to replace them in a timely manner. Purchase and Selection Question: How to select suitable ground anchor devices? Answer: Select according to the usage scenarios. For example, use side-top ground anchor devices with large load-bearing capacity for large industrial equipment, and single-layer agricultural ground anchors can be used for small greenhouses. Consider the load requirements, and determine according to the weight of the equipment, the scale of the greenhouse, and the bearing capacity of the fruit tree branches. Also, pay attention to the material and craftsmanship, and choose products with high strength, corrosion resistance, and excellent manufacturing processes. Question: What aspects should be paid attention to when purchasing ground anchor devices? Answer: Pay attention to whether the product specifications and parameters meet the requirements, including dimensions, load-bearing capacity, etc.; check the product quality, and see if there are any defects and whether the surface treatment is good; understand the brand and the reputation of the manufacturer, and choose manufacturers with a good reputation and after-sales service; while comparing prices, do not just pursue low prices and ignore the quality.

Basic Information 1.Question: What is a magnetic V-block? oAnswer: A magnetic V-block is a V-shaped tool with magnetism. Its V-shaped groove is used to place round workpieces such as shafts and cylindrical parts. The magnetic part can firmly adsorb the workpieces, keeping them stable during operations such as measurement, machining, or marking out. It is commonly used in fields like machinery manufacturing and precision machining. 2.Question: What materials are magnetic V-blocks generally made of? oAnswer: The main body of a magnetic V-block is usually made of high-quality alloy steel or cast iron to ensure its strength and rigidity. The magnetic part generally uses high-performance permanent magnet materials, such as neodymium iron boron permanent magnets. This kind of material has the characteristics of high remanence, high coercive force, and high magnetic energy product, which can provide a strong magnetic suction force. 3.Question: What are the specifications of magnetic V-blocks? oAnswer: The specifications of magnetic V-blocks are mainly divided according to the width and depth of the V-shaped groove and the overall size. Common widths of the V-shaped groove are 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, etc., and the lengths are available in various specifications such as 100mm, 200mm, 300mm, etc., to accommodate workpieces of different sizes. Working Principle and Performance 1.Question: How is the magnetism of a magnetic V-block generated? oAnswer: The magnetism of a magnetic V-block is generated by the built-in permanent magnet material. After the permanent magnet material undergoes a special magnetization treatment, the magnetic domains inside will be arranged neatly, thus generating a strong and stable magnetic field that can adsorb workpieces made of ferromagnetic materials. 2.Question: Can the magnetic force of a magnetic V-block be adjusted? oAnswer: The magnetic force of some magnetic V-blocks can be adjusted. Such V-blocks are usually equipped with a magnetic force adjustment device. By changing the relative position of the permanent magnet or the magnetic field loop, the magnetic force can be increased or decreased. However, the magnetic force of some magnetic V-blocks is fixed, and you need to determine according to your actual needs when choosing. 3.Question: Will the magnetism of a magnetic V-block weaken over time? oAnswer: Under normal use and storage conditions, the magnetism of high-quality magnetic V-blocks can be maintained for a long time. However, if affected by factors such as high temperature, severe impact, or strong magnetic field interference, the magnetism may gradually weaken. In addition, frequent long-term use may also lead to a certain degree of magnetic decay, but this decay is usually relatively slow. Application Scenarios 1.Question: In which aspects are magnetic V-blocks mainly applied? oAnswer: Magnetic V-blocks are mainly applied to the clamping of workpieces in machining. For example, in the processes of turning, milling, and grinding, they are used to fix shaft parts. In precision measurement, they can stably fix the workpiece in an appropriate position, making it convenient to use measuring tools such as dial indicators and micrometers to detect the geometric accuracy of the workpiece, such as roundness, cylindricity, and coaxiality. In fitter marking-out work, they help to position the workpiece accurately and facilitate marking out various machining lines. 2.Question: In which industries are magnetic V-blocks frequently used? oAnswer: In the machinery manufacturing industry, especially in fields such as precision machining, mold manufacturing, and aerospace parts processing, magnetic V-blocks are widely used. In addition, industries such as automobile manufacturing and instrument manufacturing often use magnetic V-blocks when processing and inspecting parts. Usage and Maintenance 1.Question: What preparations need to be done before using a magnetic V-block? oAnswer: First, check the appearance of the magnetic V-block to ensure that there are no cracks, wear, deformation, or other defects on its surface. Second, clean the V-shaped groove and the magnetic surface of the V-block to remove impurities such as oil stains, iron filings, and dust, so as not to affect the positioning of the workpiece and the magnetic adsorption effect. Finally, select a magnetic V-block of the appropriate specification according to the size of the workpiece and the processing requirements. 2.Question: How to use a magnetic V-block correctly? oAnswer: Place the magnetic V-block on a stable and clean workbench. Adjust the magnetic force (if adjustable) according to the shape of the workpiece and the processing requirements. Place the workpiece smoothly in the V-shaped groove, ensuring that the workpiece is in full contact with the V-shaped groove and that the axis of the workpiece coincides with the center line of the V-shaped groove. During the machining or measurement process, pay attention to avoid applying excessive external force to the magnetic V-block and the workpiece to prevent affecting the measurement accuracy or damaging the V-block. 3.Question: How to maintain a magnetic V-block? oAnswer: After use, clean the iron filings, oil stains, and other impurities on the surface of the magnetic V-block in a timely manner. You can use a clean soft cloth or brush for wiping. For the magnetic surface, avoid using sharp tools to scratch it to prevent damage to the magnetic layer. Store the magnetic V-block in a dry and ventilated environment, and avoid contact with strong magnetic fields, high-temperature sources, or corrosive substances. Regularly check the magnetic strength and appearance of the magnetic V-block, and deal with any abnormalities in a timely manner. Purchase Points 1.Question: How to choose a suitable magnetic V-block? oAnswer: According to the size and weight of the workpiece, select a magnetic V-block with sufficient load-bearing capacity and an appropriate V-shaped groove specification. Consider the accuracy requirements of machining or measurement, and choose a product with an accuracy grade that meets the needs. If magnetic force adjustment is required, select a magnetic V-block with a magnetic force adjustment function. Pay attention to the quality and brand of the product, and choose magnetic V-blocks produced by manufacturers with a good reputation and mature production processes. 2.Question: What issues need to be noted when purchasing a magnetic V-block? oAnswer: Pay attention to checking the product manual and quality inspection report to understand its technical parameters and performance indicators. Check the appearance quality of the magnetic V-block, including the surface roughness, straightness, and symmetry of the V-shaped groove. Test the magnetic suction force and magnetic force adjustment function (if any) of the magnetic V-block to ensure that it meets the actual use requirements. Compare the product prices and after-sales services of different manufacturers, and choose products with high cost-effectiveness and good after-sales services.

Basic Information 1.Question: What is a bar-type spirit level? oAnswer: A bar-type spirit level is a commonly used measuring tool for measuring small angular changes. It mainly consists of a main body (bar-shaped base), a level vial (a glass tube filled with liquid and having an air bubble), a heat insulation device, etc. By observing the position change of the air bubble in the level vial, it measures the inclination angle of the measured surface relative to the horizontal position. It is widely used in fields such as machinery manufacturing, installation, and maintenance. 2.Question: What materials are bar-type spirit levels generally made of? oAnswer: The main body of a bar-type spirit level is usually made of high-quality alloy steel or cast iron to ensure it has good rigidity and stability and is not prone to deformation. The level vial is generally made of glass, and it is filled with easily flowing liquids such as alcohol and ether, with an air bubble inside. 3.Question: What are the specifications of bar-type spirit levels? oAnswer: The specifications of bar-type spirit levels are mainly divided according to their lengths. Common lengths include 100mm, 150mm, 200mm, 250mm, 300mm, etc. Spirit levels of different lengths are suitable for measurement scenarios with different sizes and accuracy requirements. Generally speaking, spirit levels with longer lengths have relatively higher measurement accuracy. Working Principle and Performance 1.Question: What is the working principle of a bar-type spirit level? oAnswer: A bar-type spirit level works based on the principle of gravity. When the spirit level is in a horizontal state, the air bubble in the level vial will be located in the middle of the glass tube. When the spirit level is tilted, due to the force of gravity, the liquid flows to the lower part, and the air bubble moves to the higher part. By reading the position of the air bubble relative to the scale, the inclination angle of the measured surface can be determined. 2.Question: What are the accuracy grades of bar-type spirit levels? oAnswer: The accuracy grades of bar-type spirit levels usually include 0.02mm/m, 0.05mm/m, 0.1mm/m, etc. The smaller the accuracy grade value, the higher the measurement accuracy of the spirit level. For example, for a spirit level with an accuracy of 0.02mm/m, it means that for every 0.02mm of inclination over a length of 1 meter, the air bubble will have a corresponding displacement. 3.Question: What is the measurement range of bar-type spirit levels? oAnswer: The measurement range of bar-type spirit levels is generally small, mainly used for measuring small angular changes. Its measurement range is usually between ±5° and ±15°, and the specific range will vary depending on different models and specifications. Application Scenarios 1.Question: In which aspects are bar-type spirit levels mainly applied? oAnswer: In machinery manufacturing, it is used to detect the levelness and straightness of machine tool guides, workbench surfaces, etc., as well as the perpendicularity and parallelism between components. During equipment installation, it can help adjust the horizontal position of the equipment to ensure the installation accuracy. In construction, it is used to detect the flatness of walls, floors, etc. In maintenance work, it can detect whether the equipment is tilted or deformed during use. 2.Question: In which industries are bar-type spirit levels frequently used? oAnswer: In the mechanical processing industry, such as automobile manufacturing, mold manufacturing, aerospace parts manufacturing, etc., where high precision requirements are placed on equipment and components, bar-type spirit levels are often used for measurement and adjustment. In the construction industry, during the construction process, bar-type spirit levels are also used to detect the flatness of walls and floors to ensure the quality of buildings. In addition, industries such as instrument manufacturing and electronic equipment manufacturing also use bar-type spirit levels during equipment installation and debugging. Usage and Maintenance 1.Question: What preparations need to be done before using a bar-type spirit level? oAnswer: First, check the appearance of the spirit level to ensure that there are no cracks, deformations, or other defects on the main body, and that the level vial is not damaged and the air bubble is normal. Second, clean the measuring surface of the spirit level to remove impurities such as oil stains, dust, and iron filings, and ensure that the measuring surface can make good contact with the measured surface. Finally, place the spirit level in a place with a temperature close to that of the measurement environment for a period of time to make the temperature of the spirit level consistent with the environmental temperature, avoiding measurement errors caused by temperature differences. 2.Question: How to use a bar-type spirit level correctly for measurement? oAnswer: Place the bar-type spirit level steadily on the measured surface, so that the measuring surface of the spirit level is in full contact with the measured surface. Wait for the air bubble to stabilize and then read the position of the air bubble. If it is necessary to measure the levelness in multiple directions, the spirit level can be rotated by 90° or other angles for measurement. During the measurement process, pay attention to keeping the spirit level stable and avoid being affected by vibrations or external forces. When reading the position of the air bubble, look directly at the scale to avoid parallax. 3.Question: How to maintain a bar-type spirit level? oAnswer: After use, clean the measuring surface and the appearance of the spirit level in a timely manner. You can use a clean soft cloth or a special cleaning agent for wiping. Store the spirit level in a dry, ventilated environment without corrosive gases, and avoid collisions with other hard objects to prevent damage. Regularly calibrate the spirit level. You can compare it with a high-precision standard spirit level to check whether its measurement accuracy is accurate. If it is found that the measurement accuracy of the spirit level deviates, adjust it in a timely manner or send it to a professional institution for maintenance. Purchase Points 1.Question: How to choose a suitable bar-type spirit level? oAnswer: Select a spirit level with an appropriate accuracy grade according to the measurement accuracy requirements. For high-precision measurements, choose a spirit level with a high accuracy grade. Select a spirit level with an appropriate length according to the size and shape of the measured surface. Generally speaking, a spirit level with a longer length has relatively higher measurement accuracy, but for a smaller measured surface, a spirit level that is too long may not be convenient to use. Consider the usage environment and frequency. If it is used in a harsh environment or with a high frequency of use, choose a spirit level with good quality and durability. 2.Question: What issues need to be noted when purchasing a bar-type spirit level? oAnswer: Pay attention to checking the product manual and quality inspection report to understand its technical parameters and performance indicators. Check the appearance quality of the spirit level, including the surface roughness of the main body and whether the level vial is firmly installed. Test the measurement performance of the spirit level. You can measure on a surface with a known levelness to check whether the measurement results are accurate. Compare the product prices and after-sales services of different manufacturers, and choose products with high cost-effectiveness and good after-sales services.

oQuestion: What is a granite V-block? oAnswer: A granite V-block is a precision measuring tool or fixture with a V-shaped groove structure, which is processed from natural granite. Utilizing the characteristics of granite such as high precision, high hardness, high wear resistance and good stability, it is mainly used for supporting, positioning and clamping cylindrical parts, and is widely used in fields such as mechanical processing, metrological testing and mold manufacturing.oQuestion: What kind of granite is generally used to make granite V-blocks? oAnswer: Granite such as Jinan Green, Taishan Green and Sesame Gray is usually selected. These granites have a uniform texture and a dense structure, and have good physical properties, which can ensure the accuracy and stability of the V-blocks.oQuestion: What are the common specifications of granite V-blocks? oAnswer: Common specifications include V-groove angles of 90° and 120°, and lengths of 100mm, 200mm, 300mm, 500mm and other different sizes. The width and height will also vary according to actual needs.oQuestion: What is the working principle of granite V-blocks? oAnswer: It is mainly based on the line contact principle between the V-groove and cylindrical parts. When a cylindrical part is placed in the V-groove, the two inclined surfaces of the V-groove form two contact lines with the cylindrical surface. Through these two contact lines, the axis position of the cylinder can be determined, so as to realize the positioning and support of the cylindrical part and ensure the position accuracy of the part during processing or testing.oQuestion: What accuracy can granite V-blocks achieve? oAnswer: Generally speaking, the flatness of high-precision granite V-blocks can reach ±0.005mm, the symmetry of the V-groove can be controlled within ±0.01mm, and the angle accuracy can reach ±1′.oQuestion: What is the load-bearing capacity of granite V-blocks? oAnswer: Its load-bearing capacity depends on factors such as the material of the granite, the size and structure of the V-block. Generally, small granite V-blocks can bear a weight of dozens of kilograms, while large ones can bear tons or even heavier weights.oQuestion: In which aspects are granite V-blocks mainly applied? oAnswer: In mechanical processing, it is used for the processing and positioning of shaft parts; in metrological testing, it is used as an auxiliary tool for measuring parameters such as the diameter, roundness and straightness of cylindrical parts; in mold manufacturing, it is used for positioning and clamping circular mold parts, etc.oQuestion: In which industries are granite V-blocks frequently used? oAnswer: Industries with high precision requirements such as automobile manufacturing, aerospace, precision machinery processing, electronic manufacturing and mold manufacturing will frequently use granite V-blocks.oQuestion: What preparations need to be done before using a granite V-block? oAnswer: First, check the appearance of the V-block to see if there are any cracks, missing corners and other defects; then wipe the V-groove and surface with a clean cloth to remove dust and debris; finally, place it on a stable workbench and ensure that the surrounding environment temperature is stable to avoid the influence of temperature changes on the measurement accuracy.oQuestion: How to correctly use a granite V-block? oAnswer: Place the cylindrical part smoothly in the V-groove to ensure full contact between the part and the V-groove. If measurement is required, use appropriate measuring tools to operate with the V-block, and keep your line of sight perpendicular to the measurement scale when reading data to avoid errors. During the use process, avoid colliding and scratching the surface of the V-block.oQuestion: How to maintain a granite V-block? oAnswer: After use, promptly clean the oil stains and debris on the V-block. You can wipe it with a mild detergent, then rinse it with clean water and dry it. When not in use for a long time, place it in a dry and ventilated place, and it is best to wrap it with rust-proof paper or plastic film to prevent rust and dust accumulation. Regularly carry out accuracy testing and calibration of the V-block. If there is any accuracy deviation, adjust or repair it in a timely manner.oQuestion: How to choose a suitable granite V-block? oAnswer: Select a V-block with a suitable size and structure according to the required load-bearing capacity; select a V-block with the corresponding accuracy level according to the processing or testing accuracy requirements; consider the use environment, for example, in a humid environment, you can choose a V-block with moisture-proof treatment; also choose a supplier with good reputation and after-sales service.oQuestion: What issues need to be noted when purchasing a granite V-block? oAnswer: Check the product quality inspection report and certificate to ensure that the product complies with relevant standards; carefully check the appearance quality of the V-block to see if there are any defects; ask the supplier to provide detailed product parameters and instructions for use; you can request random inspection or trial use of the product to test its performance.

Basic Information Question: What is a granite micrometer? Answer: A granite micrometer is a measuring instrument capable of measuring minute dimensional changes. It consists of a main body and a measuring head. With corresponding measuring devices, such as a measuring bench, it can complete various measurements. Question: What types of granite micrometers are there? Answer: There are common micrometers, screw micrometers, and fine-tuning micrometers. Question: What are the specifications of granite micrometers? Answer: Common specifications include 150×150mm, 200×150mm, 200×200mm, 300×200mm, 300×300mm, etc. The rod height is 260mm, and the adjustable height is 0-200mm. In addition, there are specifications such as 450×300mm, 630×400mm, 800×500mm, 1000×750mm, 1200×1000mm for the measurement of large parts and complete machines. Other special specifications can also be customized. Usage and Function Question: What is the use of a granite micrometer? Answer: It is mainly used for the parallel and planar measurement of precision parts. It can also cooperate with dial indicators, 百分表 (hundredth indicators), and electronic probes to conduct relative dimensional inspections of parts or finished products. It can also check the thickness, inner diameter, outer diameter, ovality, parallelism, straightness, and radial runout of workpieces. Question: What is the function of the fine-tuning device of a granite micrometer? Answer: A precision micrometer head is used as the fine-tuning device, enabling the fine-tuning amount of the measuring head when it contacts the workpiece to reach 0.01mm, allowing for more accurate measurement. Question: What is the function of the rotating support rod? Answer: The rotating support rod can hold a second measuring gauge (or measuring sensor), thus expanding the functionality of the product. Usage and Maintenance Question: What preparations are needed before using a granite micrometer? Answer: Before starting the measurement, confirm whether the instrument is set to zero. Check if there are any rust, wear, or scratches on the measuring surface. First, remove burrs, oil stains, or debris from the workpiece's measuring surface. Wipe it clean with a clean soft cloth or dust-free paper. Regularly check the inspection record book and, if necessary, calibrate it again. Arrange the instruments in an appropriate position and do not stack them. For vulnerable parts, lay soft flannel or soft wiping paper on the workbench. Question: How to maintain a granite micrometer? Answer: Avoid collisions. Since granite is brittle, handle it with care to prevent impacts with hard objects. Keep it clean. Wipe it clean in a timely manner after use to prevent dust and other impurities from affecting the accuracy. Store it in a dry environment. Although it is resistant to acid and alkali corrosion and does not rust, a humid environment may affect some metal components. Regularly check the accuracy and calibrate it in a timely manner if necessary. Performance Characteristics Question: What are the characteristics of the workbench of a granite micrometer? Answer: The workbench is made of granite, which has a high flatness of the working surface, good stability, and is less affected by the environmental temperature. Question: What are the advantages of the column of a granite micrometer? Answer: The column is made of stainless steel, which has the advantages of rust prevention and corrosion resistance. Purchase-related Question: What should be noted when purchasing a granite micrometer? Answer: Clearly define the measurement requirements and accuracy requirements, and select the appropriate specifications and accuracy grades. Understand the reputation and after-sales service of the brand and the manufacturer. Confirm whether the supporting measuring devices, such as measuring gauges, are included. If not, check whether it is convenient to purchase them independently. Question: What is the approximate price range of granite micrometers? Answer: The price varies depending on factors such as the brand, specifications, and accuracy. Generally, the price ranges from several hundred yuan to several thousand yuan. For example, some small-sized ones with ordinary accuracy may cost several hundred yuan, while those with high precision and large specifications may cost several thousand yuan or even more.

Basic Principle Question: What is the working principle of the optical combined-level gauge? Answer: The optical combined-level gauge uses a prism to magnify and combine the image of the bubble in the level vial, improving the accuracy of reading. It also utilizes a transmission mechanism consisting of a lever and a micro-screw to enhance the sensitivity of reading. The arc of the bubble in the level vial is reflected to the observation window through prisms in three different directions and positions, and is divided into two half-images. When the level gauge is in a horizontal position, the bubbles overlap. When the level gauge is tilted, the bubbles do not overlap. Rotating the dial to make the bubbles overlap enables reading. Question: What is the difference between the optical combined-level gauge and the ordinary level gauge? Answer: An ordinary level gauge generally determines the horizontal state by directly observing the level bubble, with relatively low accuracy and a limited measurement range. The optical combined-level gauge uses the optical principle for combined reading, which can magnify the image of the bubble, resulting in higher reading accuracy. It can usually be accurate to 0.01mm/m, and has a larger measurement range, reaching up to ±10mm/m. Function and Application Question: What are the main uses of the optical combined-level gauge? Answer: It is mainly used to measure the straightness and flatness of the surface of parts. It can also be used to measure the correctness of the installation position of equipment and to measure relatively small angles. It is widely applied in precision machinery, such as measuring the flatness and straightness of the guides or bases of machine tools and optical machinery instruments. Question: Can the optical combined-level gauge be used to measure the inclination of a cylindrical surface? Answer: Yes, the optical combined-level gauge can be used to measure the inclination of both planar and cylindrical surfaces relative to the horizontal direction. By placing it on the cylindrical surface, the inclination of the cylindrical surface relative to the horizontal direction can be obtained through measurement and calculation. Usage and Operation Question: How to use the optical combined-level gauge for measurement? Answer: Place the level gauge on the measured surface of the workpiece. Look at the window with your eyes and turn the differential dial by hand until the two half-bubbles overlap, and then take the reading. When reading, obtain the millimeter value from the window and the scale value from the differential dial. If the actual inclination of the inspected part is required, it can be calculated using the formula "Actual inclination = Scale value × Distance between supports × Reading of the dial scale". Question: What preparations need to be done before using the optical combined-level gauge? Answer: Before use, wash off the oil stains with gasoline and then wipe it clean with a degreased gauze. Then check whether there are any defects affecting the use, such as bumps, rust, and obvious scratches, on the working surface of the level gauge. Check whether there are burrs, peeling paint, or coating peeling on the non-working surface. Ensure that the scales, marks, and numbers are uniform and clear, and the image of the bubble is clear. Maintenance Question: How to maintain the optical combined-level gauge? Answer: After use, the working surface must be wiped clean and coated with acid-free and water-free anti-rust oil. Cover it with anti-rust paper, put it into a wooden box, and then place it in a clean and dry place. Avoid collisions and drops of the level gauge to prevent damage to the internal structure and affect the accuracy. Even when it is not used for a long time, it should be taken out regularly for inspection and cleaning. Question: If the zero position of the optical combined-level gauge is not correct, how should it be adjusted? Answer: Place the optical combined-level gauge on a stable platform. Rotate the dial to make the two bubble images overlap and obtain the first reading. Then turn the instrument 180° and put it back in place. Rotate the dial again to make the two bubble images overlap and obtain the second reading. Then ½ (First reading + Second reading) is the zero position deviation of the instrument. At this time, loosen the three support screws on the dial. Gently press the knurled adjusting cap with your hand and turn the dial by ½ (First reading + Second reading) grids to align the zero position deviation value with the pointer line. Then tighten the screws. Technical Parameters Question: What are the main technical parameters of the optical combined-level gauge? Answer: The scale division value of the dial is generally 0.01mm/m; the maximum measurement range is ±10mm/m; the indication error is ±0.01mm/m within the range of ±1mm/m, and ±0.02mm/m within the entire measurement range; the flatness deviation of the working surface is 0.003mm; the grid value of the level vial is 0.1mm/m; the common size of the working surface is 165×48mm. Question: What factors affect the accuracy of the optical combined-level gauge? Answer: The change in ambient temperature has a great impact on its accuracy. When using it, try to avoid the workpiece and the level gauge from being heated. In addition, the manufacturing accuracy of the instrument itself, the length of use, whether it has been collided or dropped, and whether it is regularly calibrated will all affect the accuracy.

Basic Principle Question: What is the working principle of the gear runout measuring instrument? Answer: The gear runout measuring instrument mainly operates based on the mechanical measurement principle. By making the measuring probe contact with parts such as the tooth surface or the addendum circle of the gear, when the gear rotates around its axis, the measuring probe will generate displacement along with the change of the gear's contour. This displacement will be transmitted to the indicating gauge through the mechanical transmission mechanism, thus showing the runout value of the gear at different positions, and evaluating the machining accuracy and geometric accuracy of the gear accordingly. Question: What is the difference between the gear runout measuring instrument and other gear measuring instruments? Answer: Compared with other gear measuring instruments such as the gear comprehensive measuring instrument, the gear runout measuring instrument mainly focuses on measuring the runout error of the gear, such as radial runout, end face runout and other single indicators. While the gear comprehensive measuring instrument can measure multiple gear parameters simultaneously, such as tooth profile error, tooth alignment error, etc., and has more comprehensive functions. However, the gear runout measuring instrument is more focused and professional in measuring the specific indicator of runout, with relatively simple operation and lower cost. Function and Application Question: What types of gears can the gear runout measuring instrument measure? Answer: The gear runout measuring instrument can measure various types of gears, including cylindrical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, etc. Whether it is a gear with different tooth shapes such as spur gears, helical gears or herringbone gears, as long as it meets the measuring range and accuracy requirements of the measuring instrument, the runout can be measured with it. Question: In which industries is the gear runout measuring instrument applied? Answer: The gear runout measuring instrument is widely used in many industries such as machinery manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, shipbuilding, wind power, etc. In these industries, gears are key transmission components, and their accuracy directly affects the performance and reliability of the equipment. Therefore, the gear runout measuring instrument is needed to ensure the machining quality of the gears. For example, the transmission gears of automotive transmissions and the transmission gears of aero engines all need to be strictly inspected by the gear runout measuring instrument. Usage and Operation Question: How to use the gear runout measuring instrument correctly for measurement? Answer: First, place the gear runout measuring instrument on a stable workbench and calibrate it. Then, install the gear to be measured on the mandrel of the measuring instrument, ensuring that the gear is firmly installed and the axis of the gear coincides with the axis of the measuring instrument. Next, adjust the position of the measuring probe to make it in good contact with the measuring part of the gear (such as the addendum circle or the tooth surface). Finally, rotate the gear slowly, observe the reading change on the indicating gauge, and record the difference between the maximum and minimum readings, which is the runout value of the gear. Question: What matters need to be noted when using the gear runout measuring instrument? Answer: When using it, pay attention to keeping the measurement environment clean to avoid impurities such as dust affecting the measurement accuracy. Before measurement, check whether the measuring probe is worn, and replace it in time if it is worn. At the same time, select appropriate measuring accessories and measuring probes according to parameters such as the module and the number of teeth of the gear to be measured. When installing the gear, avoid installation errors of the gear, and during the measurement process, rotate the gear smoothly and slowly to prevent inaccurate measurement caused by too fast rotation speed. Maintenance and Servicing Question: How to conduct daily maintenance on the gear runout measuring instrument? Answer: Daily maintenance includes regularly cleaning the body, measuring probe and transmission components of the measuring instrument to remove dust and oil stains. After use, retract the measuring probe in time to avoid damage from collisions. Regularly add lubricating oil to the movable components of the measuring instrument to ensure smooth movement. In addition, store the measuring instrument in a dry and ventilated environment to prevent rust and corrosion. Question: If the gear runout measuring instrument malfunctions, how should the troubleshooting be carried out? Answer: First, check whether the power supply is normal and whether the indicating gauge displays normally. If the indicating gauge does not display or displays abnormally, it may be a circuit fault or the indicating gauge itself is damaged, and it is necessary to check the circuit connection or replace the indicating gauge. If the measurement result is obviously inaccurate, it may be caused by reasons such as wear of the measuring probe, a fault in the transmission mechanism or improper installation of the gear. It is necessary to check the condition of the measuring probe, calibrate the transmission mechanism and reinstall the gear for measurement. Technical Parameters Question: What are the main technical parameters of the gear runout measuring instrument? Answer: The main technical parameters include the measuring range, such as the range of gear modules and diameters that can be measured; accuracy indicators, such as indication error and repeatability accuracy; measurement resolution, which can usually reach an accuracy of 0.01mm or even higher; as well as the external dimensions and weight of the measuring instrument. These parameters may vary for different models and specifications of the measuring instrument. Question: How to select a suitable gear runout measuring instrument according to the measurement requirements? Answer: It is necessary to select according to factors such as the type, size, accuracy requirements of the gear to be measured and the measurement efficiency. If measuring high-precision small-module gears, select a measuring instrument with high accuracy and high resolution; for large-sized gears, select a measuring instrument with a large measuring range. At the same time, also consider factors such as the brand of the measuring instrument and after-sales service to ensure the reliability of the measuring instrument and the convenience of subsequent use.

Product Basic Information Question: What is a magnesium-aluminum right angle ruler? Answer: A magnesium-aluminum right angle ruler, also known as a magnesium-aluminum alloy right angle ruler or a wide-based right angle ruler, is a precision measuring tool processed and produced from magnesium-aluminum alloy. It is used to detect the perpendicularity of workpieces and the perpendicularity of the relative positions of workpieces, and sometimes it is also used for marking out. Question: What are the characteristics of a magnesium-aluminum right angle ruler? Answer: It has the characteristics of light weight, high precision, good stability, convenient use, not easy to deform, and not easy to rust. Its anti-bending index is relatively high, and the yield point can reach 110kg/mm², which is far beyond that of general steel and cast iron materials. Question: What standard does the magnesium-aluminum right angle ruler comply with? Answer: Its straightness and perpendicularity standards are implemented according to the GB6092-85 standard, and the tolerance of the side is 0.02. Usage Methods and Precautions Question: How to use a magnesium-aluminum right angle ruler for measurement? Answer: Before use, first check whether the working surfaces and edges of the magnesium-aluminum right angle ruler are damaged, and wipe the working surface of the right angle ruler and the inspected working surface clean. When using it, place the magnesium-aluminum right angle ruler against the working surface of the workpiece to be measured, and use the light gap method to identify whether the angle of the workpiece is correct. To make the measurement result accurate, the magnesium-aluminum right angle ruler can be turned over 180 degrees and measured again, and the arithmetic mean of the two readings is taken. Question: What precautions should be taken when using a magnesium-aluminum right angle ruler? Answer: Handle it gently, place it gently, and lean it gently to prevent deformation; avoid knocking it against hard objects to prevent damage to the working surface; do not measure the running workpieces on the running machine; when using and placing a right angle ruler with a longer working edge, pay attention to preventing the working edge from bending and deforming. Maintenance and Care Question: How to carry out daily maintenance of a magnesium-aluminum right angle ruler? Answer: There is no need to apply oil during use. When it is not used for a long time, when storing it, gently apply a thin layer of general industrial oil. It can be stored in a suspended or flat position, and its straightness and parallelism will not be affected by long-term flat placement. Question: What should be done if there are stains or slight damages on the surface of the magnesium-aluminum right angle ruler? Answer: If there are stains, you can wipe them with a clean and soft cloth. If there are slight damages, it is not allowed to repair them by rough methods such as knocking with a hammer, filing with a file, or polishing with sandpaper by yourself, as this may increase the error. You can contact professional personnel for maintenance. Application Fields Question: In which industries is the magnesium-aluminum right angle ruler suitable? Answer: It is widely used in industries such as mechanical processing, machine tool manufacturing, equipment installation, and industrial engineering construction. It is also often used in construction to ensure that the angles of doors, windows, frames, etc. are 90 degrees. Question: What types of workpieces can the magnesium-aluminum right angle ruler detect? Answer: It can be used to detect various workpieces that require ensuring right angle accuracy and perpendicularity, such as mechanical parts, molds, and building components. Specifications and Precision Question: What are the common specifications of magnesium-aluminum right angle rulers? Answer: Common specifications include 630×400, 800×500, 1000×630, 1250×800, 1500×1000, 1600×1000, 2000×1250, 2500×1600, 3000×2000, etc. Question: What are the precision grades of magnesium-aluminum right angle rulers? Answer: The precision grades generally include grade 00, grade 0, grade 1, and grade 2. Grade 00 and grade 0 are generally used for inspecting precision measuring tools; grade 1 is used for inspecting precision workpieces; grade 2 is used for inspecting general workpieces.

Product Basic Information Question: What is a magnesium-aluminum straight edge? Answer: A magnesium-aluminum straight edge is a precision measuring tool made of magnesium-aluminum alloy, which has a variety of excellent properties. It is often used in the detection, measurement, marking out and other work in fields such as mechanical processing, equipment installation, and industrial engineering construction. Question: What are the advantages of a magnesium-aluminum straight edge? Answer: It has the advantages of light weight, high precision, good stability, not easy to deform, not easy to rust, convenient use, and easy storage. Its anti-bending index is relatively high, and the yield point can reach 110kg/mm², which is far beyond that of general steel and cast iron materials. Question: What are the specifications of magnesium-aluminum straight edges? Answer: Common specifications have lengths such as 1000mm, 1500mm, 2000mm, 2500mm, 3000mm, 4000mm, etc. Usage Methods and Precautions Question: How to use a magnesium-aluminum straight edge for measurement? Answer: Before use, wipe the working surface of the magnesium-aluminum straight edge and the measured surface clean, and check for any scratches, bumps or other defects. When operating, hold the guard plate or handle. For small-sized straight edges, one hand can be used for operation, and for large-sized ones, two hands should be used to make the working edge of the straight edge gently contact the measured surface. Let the straight edge contact the measured surface closely by its own weight, and do not apply additional pressure. During the measurement, rotate the straight edge to make its contact position with the measured surface meet the condition that the maximum light gap is the smallest. Question: What precautions should be taken when using a magnesium-aluminum straight edge? Answer: Do not collide with the straight edge to prevent damage to the edge; avoid using and storing it in a humid, corrosive, or extremely high or low temperature environment; the weight of the workpiece should not exceed the rated load of the straight edge, and avoid excessive collisions with the workpiece; during use, pay attention to preventing the working edge from bending and deforming. Maintenance and Care Question: How to carry out daily maintenance of a magnesium-aluminum straight edge? Answer: There is no need to apply oil during use. When it is not used for a long time, when storing it, gently apply a thin layer of general industrial oil. It can be stored in a suspended or flat position, and its straightness and parallelism will not be affected by long-term flat placement. Question: What should be done if there are slight damages on the surface of the magnesium-aluminum straight edge? Answer: It is not allowed to repair it by rough methods such as knocking with a hammer, filing with a file, or polishing with sandpaper by yourself, as this may increase the error. Professional personnel should be contacted for maintenance. Application Fields Question: In which industries is the magnesium-aluminum straight edge suitable? Answer: It is widely used in industries such as mechanical processing, machine tool manufacturing, equipment installation, industrial engineering construction, and textile machinery. It can also be used in fields such as construction and scientific research. Question: What types of workpieces can the magnesium-aluminum straight edge detect? Answer: It can be used to detect various workpieces that require ensuring flatness, straightness and other precision, such as mechanical parts, machine tool worktables, and building components. Precision-related Question: What are the precision grades of magnesium-aluminum straight edges? Answer: The precision grades generally include grade 0, grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3. Question: For what scenarios are magnesium-aluminum straight edges of different precision grades suitable respectively? Answer: Magnesium-aluminum straight edges of grade 0 precision are generally used for high-precision measurement and calibration work, such as in scientific research institutions and precision instrument manufacturing fields; grade 1 precision can be used in occasions with high precision requirements, such as mechanical processing and equipment installation; grade 2 and grade 3 precision are suitable for industrial production and daily inspection work with general precision requirements.

Product Basic Information Question: What is a magnesium-aluminum edge ruler? Answer: A magnesium-aluminum edge ruler is a precision measuring tool made of magnesium-aluminum alloy material. It is mainly used for straightness measurement and flatness measurement by the light gap method. It can also be used together with gauge blocks to inspect the flatness accuracy. Question: What are the advantages of a magnesium-aluminum edge ruler? Answer: It has the advantages of light weight, high hardness, not easy to deform, not easy to rust, and easy to maintain. It also has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient operation, and high measurement efficiency, and is a commonly used measuring tool in mechanical processing. Question: What are the specifications of magnesium-aluminum edge rulers? Answer: Common specifications include 75mm, 125mm, 175mm, 200mm, 225mm, 300mm, 500mm, 600mm, 750mm, 1000mm, 1200mm, 1500mm, 2000mm, 2500mm, 3000mm, 3500mm, 4000mm, etc. Usage Methods and Precautions Question: How to use a magnesium-aluminum edge ruler for measurement? Answer: First, wipe the working edge of the magnesium-aluminum edge ruler and the measured surface clean, and check for any scratches, bumps, rust and other defects. Then, place the edge ruler vertically and closely against the surface of the workpiece, and inspect it successively in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions. If the light passing through between the edge ruler and the workpiece surface is faint and uniform, the flatness of the workpiece is qualified. If there are differences in the intensity of the incoming light, the surface of the workpiece is uneven. A feeler gauge can be inserted at the place where the edge ruler is closely attached to the workpiece, and the flatness error can be determined according to the thickness of the feeler gauge. Question: What precautions should be taken when using a magnesium-aluminum edge ruler? Answer: Do not collide with it during use to ensure the integrity of the working edge. Keep the measuring surface clean before measurement. Hold the guard plate or handle to avoid the influence of temperature on the measurement results and the occurrence of rust. Avoid heavy contact with harder substances, and grinding is prohibited. If long-distance transportation is required, place the magnesium-aluminum edge ruler stably with soft materials to avoid the influence of transportation vibration on the accuracy. Maintenance and Care Question: How to carry out daily maintenance of a magnesium-aluminum edge ruler? Answer: Regularly clean it with tools such as a soft brush and a cotton cloth, and avoid using cleaning agents containing corrosive and acidic substances. When it is not used for a long time, a thin layer of fine mechanical oil can be gently applied to prevent corrosion and reduce friction. When storing it, avoid placing it in environments such as humidity, direct sunlight, and high temperature, and use a good airtight package for storage. Question: What should be done if there are slight damages on the surface of the magnesium-aluminum edge ruler? Answer: Do not handle it by yourself. Professional personnel should be contacted for maintenance to avoid increasing the error due to improper operation. Precision-related Question: What are the precision grades of magnesium-aluminum edge rulers? Answer: Generally, there are grade 0 and grade 1. Question: How accurate can a magnesium-aluminum edge ruler be? Answer: The straightness error is generally controlled at about 1μm, and the surface roughness of the measuring surface is 0.025μm. Application Fields Question: In which industries is the magnesium-aluminum edge ruler suitable? Answer: It is widely used in industries such as mechanical processing, machine tool manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, and elevator manufacturing. It can also be used in fields such as construction and scientific research for the work that requires straightness and flatness measurement. Question: What types of workpieces can the magnesium-aluminum edge ruler detect? Answer: It can be used to detect the flatness and straightness of flat plates, straight edges, machine tool worktables, guide rails, and various precision workpieces.

Product Basic Information Question: What is a granite right angle ruler? Answer: A granite right angle ruler, also known as a marble right angle ruler, is a precision measuring tool made of high-quality natural stones such as "Jinan Green" and "Taishan Green". It is manufactured through mechanical processing and manual fine grinding. The main mineral components are pyroxene, plagioclase, a small amount of olivine, biotite, and trace amounts of magnetite. It has a black luster and a precise structure. Question: What are the characteristics of a granite right angle ruler? Answer: It has the characteristics of high precision, good stability, high strength, high hardness, no rusting, resistance to acid and alkali, no magnetization, not easy to stick to fine dust, and strong wear resistance. In addition, its linear expansion coefficient is extremely small, the internal stress is completely eliminated, and it is not restricted by constant temperature conditions. It can maintain measurement accuracy at room temperature. When measuring, it can move smoothly without a sense of stagnation. Question: What are the specifications of granite right angle rulers? Answer: Common specifications include 100×63mm, 160×100mm, 250×160mm, 400×250mm, 630×400mm, 800×500mm, 1000×630mm, etc. Usage Methods and Precautions Question: How to use a granite right angle ruler for measurement? Answer: First, wipe the measuring surfaces of the granite right angle ruler and the workpiece to be measured clean, and check for any defects. Then, place the right angle ruler vertically and closely against the measuring surface of the workpiece. The light gap method can be used. By observing the light gap between the right angle ruler and the workpiece, we can determine whether the angle is accurate. If a more accurate measurement is required, the right angle ruler can be turned over 180 degrees and measured again, and the arithmetic mean of the two readings is taken. Question: What precautions should be taken when using a granite right angle ruler? Answer: When using it, handle it gently, place it correctly and steadily, and avoid collisions and vibrations. Plan the measurement position in advance to reduce unnecessary movement and resetting. Avoid using it in high-temperature and humid environments to prevent damage to the ruler. Do not measure the running workpieces on the running machine to avoid damaging the angle ruler or causing accidents. Maintenance and Care Question: How to carry out daily maintenance of a granite right angle ruler? Answer: After each use, clean the measuring ruler with a clean cloth or a feather duster. If it is used frequently, the accuracy of the angle ruler should be detected regularly. When it is not used for a long time, the right angle ruler should be placed in a suitable box or container and stored in a dry, light-proof, and relatively quiet room. Question: What should be done if there are slight stains on the surface of the granite right angle ruler? Answer: You can gently wipe it with clean water or a special granite cleaning paste, and then dry it with a clean dust-free paper or cloth. Precision-related Question: What are the precision grades of granite right angle rulers? Answer: Generally, there are grade 000, grade 00, grade 0, and grade 1. Question: What is the flatness tolerance of granite right angle rulers of different precision grades? Answer: At a temperature of 20°C, the flatness tolerance of grade 000 is 1×(1 + d/1000)μm, grade 00 is 2×(1 + d/1000)μm, grade 0 is 4×(1 + d/1000)μm, and grade 1 is 8×(1 + d/1000)μm (d is the diagonal length). Application Fields Question: In which industries is the granite right angle ruler suitable? Answer: It is widely used in industries such as mechanical processing, machine tool manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, construction, surveying and mapping, drawing, and industrial engineering. It can also be used for measurement work in laboratories. Question: What types of workpieces can the granite right angle ruler detect? Answer: It can be used to detect the flatness, perpendicularity, and straightness of various flat plates, machine tool worktables, guide rails, and mechanical equipment parts.

Product Basic Information Question: What is a granite straight edge? Answer: A granite straight edge is a precision measuring tool made of natural granite. Its main mineral components are feldspar, quartz, biotite, etc., along with trace amounts of magnetite. It has a black luster and a precise structure. Through mechanical processing and manual fine grinding, it has a high-precision measuring plane and is often used in industrial production and laboratory measurement work. Question: What are the characteristics of a granite straight edge? Answer: It has the characteristics of high precision, good stability, strong rigidity, high hardness, and strong wear resistance. In addition, it is not afraid of acid and alkali erosion, will not rust, is not easy to stick to fine dust, is not magnetized, is not affected by humidity, has good flatness, and can maintain measurement accuracy at room temperature. Question: What are the specifications of granite straight edges? Answer: Common specifications include 500×100×40mm, 750×100×40mm, 1000×120×40mm, 1500×150×60mm, 2000×200×80mm, 3000×200×80mm, etc. Usage Methods and Precautions Question: How to detect the straightness error of a granite straight edge? Answer: Support it with equal-height blocks at the standard support marking points which are at a distance of 2l/9 from both ends of the straight edge. Select an appropriate inspection bridge plate according to the length of the working surface of the straight edge (generally, there are 8 to 10 strides, and the stride is between 50 and 500mm). Then place the bridge plate at one end of the straight edge, fix a reflector or a level gauge on the bridge plate. Move the bridge plate gradually from one end of the straight edge to the other end according to the stride. At each position, read the value from a self-collimating instrument with a graduation value of 1” (or 0.005mm/m) or an electronic level gauge with a graduation value of 0.001mm/m. The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is the straightness error of the working surface of the straight edge. Question: What should be noted when using a granite straight edge? Answer: When using it, handle it gently, and avoid collisions and drops to prevent damage to the straight edge. Keep the measurement environment clean to avoid dust, oil stains, and other pollutants from affecting the measurement accuracy. Before measurement, wipe the surfaces of the straight edge and the workpiece to be measured clean. Do not use it in an environment with high temperature, humidity, or corrosive gases. Maintenance and Care Question: How to carry out daily maintenance of a granite straight edge? Answer: After each use, wipe the surface of the straight edge with a clean and soft cloth to remove dust and stains. Regularly check the accuracy of the straight edge. If there is an accuracy deviation, calibrate or repair it in a timely manner. When not in use for a long time, place the straight edge in a dry and ventilated place. It is best to store it in a special packaging box or on a bracket to prevent deformation. Question: How to deal with stains on the surface of a granite straight edge? Answer: For general stains, you can gently wipe them with a clean wet cloth and then dry them with a dry cloth. If they are stubborn stains, you can use a mild stone cleaner, but avoid using cleaners that are too acidic or alkaline to prevent corrosion of the surface of the straight edge. Precision-related Question: What are the precision grades of granite straight edges? Answer: Generally, there are grade 000, grade 00, grade 0, and grade 1. Question: What is the error range of granite straight edges of different precision grades? Answer: According to the GB4987-85 standard, the error range for grade 000 is 1×(1 + d/1000)μm; for grade 00 it is 2×(1 + d/1000)μm; for grade 0 it is 4×(1 + d/1000)μm; for grade 1 it is 8×(1 + d/1000)μm, where d is the diagonal length (unit: mm). Application Fields Question: In which industries is the granite straight edge mainly applied? Answer: It is widely used in industries such as machinery manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, aerospace, mold processing, and precision instrument manufacturing. It is also often used for measuring the levelness and straightness in construction, as well as for precision measurement work in laboratories. Question: What parameters can a granite straight edge measure? Answer: It is mainly used to measure the flatness and straightness of machine tool worktables, guide rails, flat plates, etc., and can also be used to detect geometric parameters such as the parallelism and perpendicularity of workpieces.

Question: What is a granite square ruler? Answer: A granite square ruler is a precision measuring tool mainly made of natural granite. Common materials like Jinan Green have a black luster. It has a precise structure and uniform texture. After hundreds of millions of years of natural aging, it has excellent stability. Its main function is to detect the perpendicularity, parallelism, etc. of parts and components. It can also serve as a 90° measurement reference and is widely used in industrial production and laboratory measurement work. Question: What are the characteristics of a granite square ruler? Answer: The granite square ruler has many advantages. It has high hardness, strong wear resistance, is not easy to deform, and can maintain high precision under heavy loads. After long-term natural aging, the internal stress is completely eliminated, and the material is stable. It is resistant to acid, alkali, corrosion, and is anti-magnetic. It will not rust due to moisture, making it convenient for maintenance and use. It has a small linear expansion coefficient and is less affected by temperature. In addition, it is not magnetized. During measurement, it moves smoothly without a sense of stagnation, and has good planar stability. Question: What are the common specifications of granite square rulers? Answer: Common specifications include 100×100×50mm, 150×150×50mm, 200×200×50mm, 250×250×50mm, 300×300×50mm, 400×400×80mm, 500×500×100mm, etc. Different specifications can meet the measurement needs of workpieces of different sizes. Usage Methods and Precautions Question: How to use a granite square ruler to detect the perpendicularity of a workpiece? Answer: Closely fit one working surface of the granite square ruler with the reference surface of the workpiece to ensure there is no gap between them. Then, use a measuring tool such as a dial indicator or a micrometer. Press the head of the tool against the measured surface of the workpiece and move the measuring tool along the measured surface. Observe the change in the reading of the tool head. The maximum difference in the readings is the perpendicularity error of the workpiece relative to the reference surface. Question: What should be noted when using a granite square ruler? Answer: Handle it gently during use, and avoid collisions with hard objects to prevent damage to the square ruler and affect its accuracy. Before use, clean the surfaces of the square ruler and the workpiece to remove impurities such as dust and oil stains, as they may affect the measurement results. Do not use it in an environment with high temperature, humidity, or strong corrosive gases to prevent the material of the square ruler from being eroded. Regularly calibrate its accuracy to ensure the accuracy of the measurement. Maintenance and Care Question: How to carry out daily maintenance of a granite square ruler? Answer: After each use, wipe the surface of the square ruler with a clean and soft cloth to remove dirt and dust. When not in use for a long time, place it in a dry, ventilated, and stable place to avoid deformation due to pressure. Regularly check the appearance of the square ruler to see if there are any bumps, scratches, etc. If so, evaluate the impact on the accuracy in a timely manner. Question: If there are slight scratches or stains on the surface of the granite square ruler, how should it be dealt with? Answer: For slight scratches, you can gently polish the surface with a professional stone polishing paste to restore its smoothness. For stains, wipe off common stains with a damp cloth. For stubborn stains, select a mild stone cleaner. Note that avoid using strong acid and alkali cleaners to prevent corrosion of the surface of the square ruler. After cleaning, dry it with a dry cloth. Precision-related Question: What are the precision grades of granite square rulers? Answer: It is usually divided into three precision grades: grade 0, grade 00, and grade 000. Grade 000 has the highest precision, and grade 0 is relatively lower. Different precision grades are suitable for measurement work with different precision requirements. Question: What is the error range of the straightness, parallelism, and perpendicularity of granite square rulers of different precision grades? Answer: Taking the 200×200mm specification as an example, the straightness error of grade 000 is generally about 0.8μm, the perpendicularity error between adjacent measuring surfaces is about 2μm, and the parallelism error of opposite measuring surfaces is approximately 1.8μm. For grade 00, the straightness error is about 1.6μm, the perpendicularity error between adjacent measuring surfaces is about 4μm, and the parallelism error of opposite measuring surfaces is about 3.6μm. For grade 0, the straightness error is about 3.2μm, the perpendicularity error between adjacent measuring surfaces is about 8μm, and the parallelism error of opposite measuring surfaces is about 7.2μm. For square rulers of different specifications, the error range will vary according to the corresponding standard specifications. Application Fields Question: In which industries is the granite square ruler mainly applied? Answer: It is widely used in industries such as machinery manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, aerospace, and precision instrument manufacturing. In machinery manufacturing, it is used for the inspection of the machining accuracy of parts. In automobile manufacturing, it is used for the measurement of the perpendicularity and parallelism of body parts. In the aerospace field, it is used for the precision measurement of aircraft parts. In precision instrument manufacturing, it is used for the accuracy calibration during the assembly and debugging of instruments. Question: In addition to detecting perpendicularity and parallelism, what other measurement work can the granite square ruler be used for? Answer: It can serve as a 90° angle measurement reference for the inspection of right angles. In some precision marking work, it can be used as a positioning reference for workpieces. It can also assist in detecting the flatness of machine tool worktables, guide rails, etc., to ensure the installation accuracy and operation stability of the equipment.

Question: What is a granite square box? Answer: A granite square box is a precision reference measuring tool made of natural stone materials. Its main material is Jinan Green, which has a unique black luster. It has a precise structure and a uniform texture. After hundreds of millions of years of natural aging treatment, the internal stress is completely eliminated, giving it excellent stability. Its working surface usually adopts scraping or precision grinding processes. In the inspection of instruments, precision tools, and mechanical parts, it is an ideal reference surface, especially suitable for high-precision measurement fields. Question: What are the characteristics of a granite square box? Answer: The granite square box has remarkable advantages. It has high hardness, great strength, and excellent wear resistance, and can maintain high precision even under heavy loads. After long-term natural aging, the material is stable and not easy to deform. It is a non-metallic material without any magnetic reaction and will not produce plastic deformation. It has good acid, alkali, and corrosion resistance. It does not rust, is less affected by temperature, and has a low linear expansion coefficient. It is not magnetized, moves smoothly during use, and has good planar stability. Moreover, even if it is accidentally bumped by a heavy object during use, at most a few stone chippings will fall off, and it will hardly affect its use accuracy. Question: What are the common specifications of granite square boxes? Answer: Common specifications include 100×100×100mm, 150×150×150mm, 200×200×200mm, 300×300×300mm, 400×400×400mm, 500×500×500mm, 600×600×600mm, 800×800×800mm, etc. Different specifications can fully meet the measurement and inspection needs of various workpieces of different sizes. Usage Methods and Precautions Question: How to use a granite square box to detect the perpendicularity of a workpiece? Answer: First, align one reference surface of the granite square box with the reference axis of the workpiece to be measured, and use shims for fine adjustment if necessary. Adjust the square box so that the readings of the micrometer at point 1 and point 2 are both 0. Then, place the micrometer again at point 3 and set the reference. At this time, the reading of the micrometer at point 4 is the perpendicularity error value between the two axes. During the entire measurement process, ensure the stability of the square box and the workpiece to avoid shaking that may affect the measurement accuracy. Question: What should be noted when using a granite square box? Answer: Be sure to handle it gently during use to prevent collisions with other hard objects, so as not to damage the square box and reduce its measurement accuracy. Before use, carefully clean the surfaces of the square box and the workpiece to remove dust, oil stains, and other impurities attached to them, and avoid these impurities from interfering with the measurement results. Do not place it in an environment with high temperature, humidity, or strong corrosive gases for use and storage to prevent the material of the square box from being eroded and damaged. Regularly calibrate the accuracy of the granite square box to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the measurement data. Maintenance and Care Question: How to carry out daily maintenance of a granite square box? Answer: After each use, wipe the surface of the square box with a clean and soft cloth to remove dirt and dust. If it is not used for a long time, place the square box in a dry, ventilated, and stable place to avoid deformation due to pressure. Regularly check the appearance of the square box to see if there are any bumps, scratches, etc. Once found, evaluate its impact on the measurement accuracy in a timely manner. Question: If there are slight scratches or stains on the surface of the granite square box, how should it be dealt with? Answer: For slight scratches, you can choose a professional stone polishing paste to gently polish the surface of the square box, making the scratches gradually disappear and restoring the smoothness and flatness of the surface. If there are stains, common stains can be removed by wiping with a damp cloth. For stubborn stains, a mild stone cleaner should be selected for treatment, but pay special attention not to use strong acid or alkali cleaners to prevent them from corroding the surface of the square box. After cleaning, dry the square box with a dry cloth. Precision-related Question: What are the precision grades of granite square boxes? Answer: It is usually divided into three precision grades: grade 0, grade 00, and grade 000. Among them, grade 000 has the highest precision and can meet the measurement work with extremely strict precision requirements; grade 00 has the second-highest precision; grade 0 has relatively lower precision compared to the previous two, but it can also be applied to many measurement scenarios with general precision requirements. Question: What is the error range of the parallelism, flatness, and perpendicularity of granite square boxes of different precision grades? Answer: Taking the 200×200×200mm specification as an example, the parallelism error of grade 000 is approximately 2μm, the flatness error is about 1.5μm, and the perpendicularity error is roughly 3μm; the parallelism error of grade 00 is about 4μm, the flatness error is about 2μm, and the perpendicularity error is about 4μm; the parallelism error of grade 0 is about 6μm, the flatness error is about 3μm, and the perpendicularity error is about 6μm. For granite square boxes of different specifications, the error range will vary according to the corresponding standard specifications. Application Fields Question: In which industries is the granite square box mainly applied? Answer: In the machinery manufacturing industry, it is used to detect the machining accuracy of parts; in the automotive manufacturing field, it can accurately measure the flatness and perpendicularity of body parts; in the aerospace industry, it is essential for the precision inspection of aircraft parts; in precision instrument manufacturing, it is often used for accuracy calibration during instrument assembly and debugging; in addition, in the field of machine tool manufacturing and inspection, it is also used to detect the accuracy of machine tool worktables, guide rails, etc., to ensure the high-quality operation of machine tools. Question: In addition to detecting flatness and perpendicularity, what other measurement work can the granite square box be used for? Answer: It can be used as a high-precision right-angle reference for the accurate inspection of right angles; in precision marking operations, it acts as a positioning reference for workpieces to ensure the accuracy of marking; it can assist in detecting the levelness and straightness during equipment installation, providing strong support for the precise installation of equipment.

Basic Concept Questions What is a smooth ring gauge? A smooth ring gauge, also known as a light ring gauge, is a precision measuring tool used to measure the dimensions of workpieces. Its measuring surface is a smooth circular ring surface. What are the classifications of smooth ring gauges? According to the purpose and manufacturing standards, they can be divided into standard ring gauges, SK standard ring gauges, German standard ring gauges, pipe ring gauges, etc. According to the manufacturing materials, they can be divided into ceramic ring gauges and metal ring gauges. Working Principle and Purpose Questions What is the working principle of a smooth ring gauge? It uses the inner diameter of the ring gauge to conduct comparative measurement with the outer diameter of the measured shaft. The smooth ring gauge is put on the measured shaft, and by observing the gap between the ring gauge and the shaft or using other measuring tools to measure the gap size, it is determined whether the outer diameter of the measured shaft is within the specified tolerance range. What is the purpose of a smooth ring gauge? It can be used as a dimensional reference, for comparative measurement, and can also be directly used to calibrate an internal diameter gauge and general internal diameter comparison instruments, etc. Usage Method Questions How to use a smooth ring gauge correctly? First, clean the ring gauge thoroughly. Then, gently put the ring gauge on the measured shaft, ensuring that the axis of the ring gauge coincides with the axis of the shaft. If the ring gauge can be smoothly put on the shaft and the gap meets the requirements, the size of the shaft is qualified; otherwise, it is unqualified. What preparations should be made before using a smooth ring gauge? It is necessary to select a smooth ring gauge of the appropriate specification and accuracy level. At the same time, clean the surfaces of both the ring gauge and the measured workpiece, removing impurities such as oil stains and iron filings. Maintenance and Upkeep Questions How to maintain and service a smooth ring gauge? After use, it should be wiped clean in a timely manner with a clean cloth or a special cleaning agent to remove surface impurities. When not in use for a long time, anti-rust oil or anti-rust agent should be applied to prevent rusting. The ring gauge should be stored in a dry, ventilated place without vibration, and avoid collisions with other hard objects to prevent deformation or damage to the ring gauge. It is also necessary to send the ring gauge to a professional metrology institution for calibration and verification regularly. What should be done if there are slight scratches on the surface of a smooth ring gauge? If the scratches are not serious, a metallographic sandpaper and other tools can be used for slight grinding and polishing. However, after treatment, it needs to be recalibrated. If the scratches are relatively serious, it is recommended to return it to the manufacturer or a professional maintenance institution for repair. Accuracy Level Questions What are the accuracy levels of smooth ring gauges? According to the national standards, the accuracy levels of smooth limit ring gauges are divided into Grade 0, Grade 1, and Grade 2. For which occasions are smooth ring gauges of different accuracy levels suitable? Grade 0 has the highest accuracy level, with an allowable error range of 1.5μm, and is suitable for occasions with extremely high requirements for the surface smoothness of workpieces, such as precision instruments and optical components. Grade 1 has an accuracy requirement slightly lower than that of Grade 0, with an allowable error range of 3μm, and is suitable for occasions with relatively high requirements for the surface smoothness of workpieces, such as precision mechanical parts and molds. Grade 2 has a relatively lower accuracy requirement, with an allowable error range of 6μm, and is suitable for occasions with general requirements for the surface smoothness of workpieces, such as normal mechanical parts and automotive components.

Basic Concept Questions What is a smooth plug gauge? A smooth plug gauge is a precision measuring tool used to measure the internal dimensions of workpieces. It is made in two types corresponding to the maximum limit size and the minimum limit size. The end with the minimum limit size is called the go gauge, and the end with the maximum limit size is called the not-go gauge. What are the structural features of a smooth plug gauge? Generally, for a diameter ≤ φ6, it is of the pin type; for φ7～φ50, it has a tapered shank and a full form; for a diameter > φ50, it is of a single-head and incomplete form. Working Principle and Purpose Questions What is the working principle of a smooth plug gauge? By inserting the go gauge and the not-go gauge of the plug gauge into the measured internal hole respectively, it is determined whether the size of the internal hole is within the specified tolerance range. If the go gauge can pass through the internal hole smoothly, it indicates that the size of the internal hole is larger than the minimum limit size; if the not-go gauge cannot pass through the internal hole, it indicates that the size of the internal hole is smaller than the maximum limit size, that is, the size of the measured internal hole is qualified. Otherwise, it is unqualified. What are the uses of a smooth plug gauge? It is mainly used for comprehensive inspection of internal holes. It can determine whether the internal hole of a workpiece is within the allowable limit size range. It cannot measure the actual size of the internal hole of the workpiece. It is widely applied in batch or mass production. Usage Method Questions How to use a smooth plug gauge correctly? oBefore use, check the measuring surface of the plug gauge. There should be no rust, burrs, scratches, black spots, etc., and the markings should be correct and clear. oConfirm that the plug gauge is within the periodic verification period and is accompanied by a verification certificate or equivalent documentation. oTry to measure the plug gauge and the measured part under isothermal conditions. Use as little force as possible. It is not allowed to push it into the hole with force or push it in while rotating. oDuring measurement, the plug gauge should be inserted or removed along the axis of the hole, and it should not be tilted. After it is inserted into the hole, it is not allowed to rotate or shake. oDo not use the plug gauge to inspect unclean workpieces. How to select an appropriate smooth plug gauge? Select it according to the size range and accuracy requirements of the measured internal hole. Ensure that the measuring range of the plug gauge can cover the size of the measured internal hole, and at the same time, the accuracy level should match the accuracy requirements of the measured workpiece. Maintenance and Upkeep Questions How to maintain and service a smooth plug gauge? oWipe it clean with a clean cloth in a timely manner after use to remove surface impurities. If necessary, a special cleaning agent can be used. oWhen not in use for a long time, apply anti-rust oil or anti-rust agent to prevent rusting. oStore it in a dry, ventilated place without vibration, and avoid collisions with other hard objects. It is best to put it in a special box. oSend the plug gauge to a professional metrology institution for calibration and verification regularly. What should be done if a smooth plug gauge undergoes slight deformation? If the deformation is not serious, return it to the manufacturer or a professional maintenance institution for adjustment and repair. If the deformation is serious, it is usually recommended to scrap it and replace it with a new plug gauge to ensure measurement accuracy. Accuracy Level Questions What are the accuracy levels of smooth plug gauges? The commonly used accuracies are three levels: H7, H8, and H9. For which occasions are smooth plug gauges of different accuracy levels suitable? The H7 accuracy is relatively high and is suitable for occasions with high requirements for the dimensional accuracy of the internal holes of workpieces, such as in precision instrument manufacturing, aerospace, and other fields. The H8 accuracy is slightly lower and is suitable for the general mechanical processing industry with common accuracy requirements. The H9 accuracy is relatively low and is suitable for some common mechanical manufacturing occasions with not very high accuracy requirements, such as the processing of general parts.

Basic Concept Questions What is a spline ring gauge? A spline ring gauge is a measuring tool used to detect the dimensional and shape accuracy of external splines. It is used in conjunction with external splines to determine whether the external splines meet the design requirements. What types of spline ring gauges are there? Commonly seen types include the comprehensive go spline ring gauge, the comprehensive not-go spline ring gauge, and the non-full tooth not-go spline ring gauge, etc. The comprehensive go spline ring gauge is used to control the maximum value of the effective tooth thickness of the workpiece external spline and the maximum value of the starting circle diameter of the external spline tooth profile. The comprehensive not-go spline ring gauge is used to control the minimum value of the effective tooth thickness of the workpiece external spline. The non-full tooth not-go spline ring gauge is used to control the minimum value of the actual tooth thickness of the workpiece external spline. Working Principle and Purpose Questions What is the working principle of a spline ring gauge? Take the comprehensive go spline ring gauge as an example. When it can smoothly pass through the measured external spline, it indicates that the effective tooth thickness of the external spline is less than or equal to the maximum value, and the starting circle diameter of the tooth profile is greater than or equal to the minimum value, and the external spline is qualified in these two aspects. The same principle applies to the comprehensive not-go spline ring gauge and the non-full tooth not-go spline ring gauge. If the not-go gauge cannot pass through, it means that the corresponding dimension is within the qualified range; otherwise, it is unqualified. What is the purpose of a spline ring gauge? It is mainly used in the machinery manufacturing industry, etc., for batch inspection of external spline parts such as spline shafts. It can quickly and efficiently determine whether the dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy, etc. of the external splines meet the design and process requirements, ensuring the reliability and interchangeability of spline connections. Usage Method Questions How to use a spline ring gauge correctly? Before use, first check the appearance of the spline ring gauge. There should be no defects such as rust, cracks, and burrs, and the measuring surface should be smooth and flat. Clean both the spline ring gauge and the measured external spline. Then, keep the axis of the spline ring gauge coincident with that of the external spline, gently put the spline ring gauge onto the external spline, and observe whether it can pass through smoothly or stop at the specified position. Clean the spline ring gauge in a timely manner and store it properly after use. How to select an appropriate spline ring gauge? Select a spline ring gauge of the corresponding specification and accuracy according to the parameters of the measured external spline, such as the module, number of teeth, accuracy grade, and nominal size. Ensure that the measuring range and accuracy of the spline ring gauge can meet the inspection requirements, and at the same time, it should match the adopted spline standard (such as the national standard, DIN standard, etc.). Maintenance and Upkeep Questions How to maintain and service a spline ring gauge? After use, wipe it clean with a clean cloth to remove surface impurities such as oil stains and iron filings. When not in use for a long time, apply anti-rust oil and store it in a dry and ventilated place. Avoid collisions with other hard objects to prevent deformation and damage. Regularly send the spline ring gauge to a professional metrology institution for calibration and verification to ensure its accuracy and reliability. What should be done if a spline ring gauge is worn? Slight wear can be repaired by methods such as grinding, but it needs to be recalibrated after repair. When the wear is severe, in order to ensure the inspection accuracy, a new spline ring gauge should be replaced in a timely manner. Accuracy and Calibration Questions What are the accuracy grades of spline ring gauges? The accuracy of spline ring gauges is usually related to the accuracy of the splines being inspected. Generally, there are accuracy grades such as 4, 5, 6, and 7. The smaller the number, the higher the accuracy. How to calibrate a spline ring gauge? It usually needs to be sent to a professional metrology calibration institution. High-precision measuring equipment and methods, such as a coordinate measuring machine, are used to measure and calibrate various dimensional and accuracy indicators of the spline ring gauge to make it meet the corresponding standards and accuracy requirements. The calibration cycle is generally determined according to factors such as the frequency of use and the usage environment, usually once a year or every six months.

Basic Concept Questions What is a spline plug gauge? A spline plug gauge is a measuring tool used to detect the dimensional and shape accuracy of internal splines. For example, the comprehensive go spline plug gauge is used to control the minimum value of the effective tooth space of the workpiece internal spline and the minimum value of the terminating circle diameter of the tooth profile of the workpiece internal spline. The comprehensive not-go spline plug gauge is used to control the maximum value of the effective tooth space width of the workpiece internal spline. The non-full tooth not-go spline plug gauge is used to control the maximum value of the actual tooth space width of the workpiece internal spline. What types of spline plug gauges are there? Commonly seen types include the comprehensive go spline plug gauge, the comprehensive not-go spline plug gauge, and the non-full tooth not-go spline plug gauge. Working Principle and Purpose Questions What is the working principle of a spline plug gauge? Take the comprehensive go spline plug gauge as an example. If it can smoothly pass through the measured internal spline, it indicates that the effective tooth space width of the internal spline is greater than or equal to the minimum value, and the terminating circle diameter of the tooth profile is less than or equal to the maximum value, and the internal spline is qualified in these two aspects. The same principle applies to the comprehensive not-go spline plug gauge and the non-full tooth not-go spline plug gauge. If the not-go gauge cannot pass through, the corresponding dimension is qualified; otherwise, it is unqualified. What is the purpose of a spline plug gauge? It is mainly used in the machinery manufacturing industry, etc. It is used to inspect internal spline parts such as spline holes, and determine whether the dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy, etc. of the internal splines meet the design and process requirements, so as to ensure the reliability and interchangeability of spline connections. Usage Method Questions How to use a spline plug gauge correctly? Before use, check the appearance to ensure that there are no defects such as rust, cracks, and burrs, and the measuring surface should be smooth and flat. Clean the spline plug gauge and the measured internal spline, make the axis of the spline plug gauge coincide with that of the internal spline, gently insert the spline plug gauge into the internal spline, and observe whether it can pass through smoothly or stop at the specified position. Clean it in a timely manner and store it properly after use. How to select an appropriate spline plug gauge? According to the parameters of the measured internal spline, such as the module, number of teeth, accuracy grade, and nominal size, select a spline plug gauge of the corresponding specification and accuracy. Ensure that the measuring range and accuracy of the spline plug gauge can meet the inspection requirements, and it should match the adopted spline standard (such as the national standard, DIN standard, etc.). Maintenance and Upkeep Questions How to maintain and service a spline plug gauge? After use, wipe it with a clean cloth to remove impurities such as oil stains and iron filings. When not in use for a long time, apply anti-rust oil and store it in a dry and ventilated place. Avoid collisions with hard objects. Regularly send it to a professional metrology institution for calibration and verification. What should be done if a spline plug gauge is worn? Slight wear can be repaired by methods such as grinding, and it should be recalibrated after repair. When the wear is severe, in order to ensure the inspection accuracy, it should be replaced in a timely manner. Accuracy and Calibration Questions What are the accuracy grades of spline plug gauges? Usually, they are related to the accuracy of the splines being inspected. Generally, there are accuracy grades such as 4, 5, 6, and 7. The smaller the number, the higher the accuracy. How to calibrate a spline plug gauge? It needs to be sent to a professional metrology calibration institution. High-precision measuring equipment and methods, such as a coordinate measuring machine, are used to measure and calibrate various dimensional and accuracy indicators of the spline plug gauge to make it meet the corresponding standards and accuracy requirements. The calibration cycle is generally determined according to factors such as the frequency of use and the environment, usually once a year or every six months.

Basic Concept Questions What is a keyway plug gauge? A keyway plug gauge, also known as a slot width plug gauge or keyway gauge, etc., is mainly used to inspect the width of the keyway. Its shape is usually in the form of a sheet, and it is generally processed into a go end and a not-go end. What are the main materials and specifications of keyway plug gauges? The main material is bearing steel Gcr15, and the common specifications are generally in the range of 3MM-50MM. Working Principle and Purpose Questions What is the working principle of a keyway plug gauge? It uses the dimensional difference between the go end and the not-go end to determine whether the width of the keyway is within the specified tolerance range. If the go end can smoothly enter the keyway, it indicates that the width of the keyway is greater than or equal to the minimum limit size; if the not-go end cannot enter the keyway, it means that the width of the keyway is less than or equal to the maximum limit size. What is the purpose of a keyway plug gauge? In industries such as mechanical processing, it is used to detect whether the width dimension of the keyway meets the design and process requirements, ensuring the matching accuracy between the key and the keyway, and guaranteeing the reliability and stability of the mechanical connection. Usage Method Questions How to use a keyway plug gauge correctly? Before use, check the appearance of the plug gauge for any damage, rust, etc., and ensure that the measuring surface is clean and smooth. Clean the surface of the measured keyway to remove impurities such as dust and oil stains. Slowly and steadily insert the go end of the keyway plug gauge into the keyway, and it should pass through smoothly. Then insert the not-go end, and it should not pass through. If the go end cannot pass through or the not-go end can pass through, the width of the keyway is unqualified. How to select an appropriate keyway plug gauge? Select it according to the nominal size, tolerance grade, and accuracy requirements of the measured keyway. Ensure that the measuring range of the keyway plug gauge can cover the size of the measured keyway, and the accuracy grade matches the accuracy requirements of the measured keyway. For example, high-precision keyway machining requires the selection of a keyway plug gauge with higher accuracy. Maintenance and Upkeep Questions How to maintain and service a keyway plug gauge? After use, wipe it clean with a clean cloth in a timely manner to remove surface impurities such as oil stains and iron filings. When not in use for a long time, apply anti-rust oil and store it in a dry and ventilated place, avoiding collisions with other hard objects. Regularly clean and lubricate the keyway plug gauge to prevent rusting and jamming. What should be done if a keyway plug gauge is worn? Slight wear can be repaired by grinding and then recalibrated. When the wear seriously affects the measurement accuracy, a new keyway plug gauge should be replaced in a timely manner. Accuracy and Calibration Questions What are the accuracy grades of keyway plug gauges? Common accuracy grades include IT6, IT7, IT8, etc. The smaller the number, the higher the accuracy. The specific accuracy grade is determined according to the actual measurement requirements and application scenarios. How to calibrate a keyway plug gauge? Generally, it needs to be sent to a professional metrology calibration institution. Through high-precision measuring equipment, such as an optical projector or a coordinate measuring machine, the dimensions of the go end and the not-go end of the keyway plug gauge are measured and calibrated to make it meet the corresponding accuracy standards. The calibration cycle is usually determined according to factors such as the frequency of use and the environment, generally half a year or one year.

Basic Concepts What is a threaded ring gauge? A threaded ring gauge is a measuring tool used to detect the dimensional accuracy of external threads, usually consisting of a go gauge and a not-go gauge. What types of threaded ring gauges are there? According to the manufacturing standards, they can be divided into standard ring gauges, SK standard ring gauges, German standard ring gauges, etc. According to the purposes, they can be divided into pipe thread ring gauges, etc. Working Principle What is the working principle of a threaded ring gauge? Based on the Taylor principle. The go gauge simulates the maximum material condition tooth profile of the measured thread, and is used to check whether the effective pitch diameter of the measured thread exceeds the pitch diameter of its maximum material condition tooth profile, and at the same time check whether the actual size of the root diameter exceeds its maximum material size. The not-go gauge is used to check whether the single pitch diameter of the measured thread exceeds the pitch diameter of its minimum material condition tooth profile. Usage Methods How to use a threaded ring gauge correctly? oUsage of the go gauge: It should be inspected and calibrated by a relevant inspection and metrology institution before use. Ensure that the tolerance grade and deviation symbol of the measured thread are the same as those marked on the ring gauge. Clean the measured thread thoroughly to remove oil stains and impurities. After aligning the ring gauge with the measured thread, rotate the ring gauge with the thumb and index finger, and if it can be screwed through the entire length of the thread freely, it is judged to be qualified. oUsage of the not-go gauge: Similarly, it can be used only after being inspected and calibrated. Align it and screw it into the thread. If the screwed-in length is within 2 pitches, it is qualified; otherwise, it is judged as unqualified. How to select an appropriate threaded ring gauge? Select a threaded ring gauge that completely matches the diameter, pitch, tolerance grade, and deviation symbol of the measured thread according to these specifications to ensure the accuracy of the detection results. Maintenance and Upkeep How to maintain and service a threaded ring gauge? After use, wipe it clean in a timely manner with a clean cloth or a special cleaning agent to remove oil stains, iron filings, and other impurities. When not in use for a long time, apply anti-rust oil or anti-rust agent and store it in a dry, ventilated place without vibration, avoiding collisions with other hard objects. Regularly send it to a professional metrology institution for calibration and verification. What should be done if a threaded ring gauge has slight wear? You can try to repair it by methods such as grinding, but it needs to be recalibrated after repair. If the wear is severe, a new threaded ring gauge should be replaced in a timely manner to ensure the measurement accuracy. Accuracy and Calibration What are the accuracy grades of threaded ring gauges? Common accuracy grades include IT6, IT7, IT8, etc. The smaller the accuracy grade number, the higher the accuracy. How to calibrate a threaded ring gauge? Generally, the threaded ring gauge needs to be sent to a professional metrology calibration institution. Through high-precision measuring equipment, such as a coordinate measuring machine, the dimensions of its go gauge and not-go gauge are measured and calibrated to make it meet the corresponding accuracy standards. The calibration cycle is usually determined according to factors such as the frequency of use and the environment, generally half a year or one year. Detection-related Why can a thread pass through the go gauge sometimes, but the actual fit is not tight? There may be slight errors in the manufacturing process, such as the thread profile error and pitch error, etc., which may cause the situation that although the go gauge can pass through, there is a loose fit during actual assembly. What may be the reasons for the unstable detection results of a threaded ring gauge? It may be due to the wear or damage of the ring gauge itself, the oil stains and impurities on the surface of the measured thread not being cleaned thoroughly, the incorrect operation method, such as uneven force application or misalignment when screwing in, or it may also be affected by factors such as the temperature and humidity of the measurement environment.

Basic Concept Questions What is a threaded plug gauge? A threaded plug gauge is a precision measuring tool used to measure and inspect the dimensional accuracy of internal threads. It usually consists of two parts: the go gauge and the not-go gauge, and it determines whether the measured internal threads are qualified by matching with them. What types of threaded plug gauges are there? According to the thread standards, they can be divided into metric threaded plug gauges, British standard threaded plug gauges, American standard threaded plug gauges, etc. According to the purposes, they can be divided into common threaded plug gauges, pipe threaded plug gauges, etc. According to the accuracy grades, they can be divided into high-precision threaded plug gauges and ordinary-precision threaded plug gauges. Working Principle Questions What is the working principle of a threaded plug gauge? Based on the Taylor principle, the go gauge simulates the maximum material condition tooth profile of the measured internal thread and is used to check whether the effective pitch diameter of the internal thread is smaller than the pitch diameter of its maximum material condition tooth profile, and at the same time, check whether the actual size of the minor diameter is smaller than its maximum material size. The not-go gauge is used to check whether the single pitch diameter of the internal thread is larger than the pitch diameter of its minimum material condition tooth profile. If the go gauge can be smoothly screwed into the measured internal thread and the not-go gauge cannot be screwed in or can only be screwed in for no more than the specified number of pitches, then the internal thread is qualified; otherwise, it is unqualified. Why do threaded plug gauges need both a go gauge and a not-go gauge? The go gauge is used to control the maximum material size of the effective pitch diameter and the minor diameter of the internal thread to ensure that the internal thread can be smoothly screwed together with a qualified external thread. The not-go gauge is used to control the minimum material size of the single pitch diameter of the internal thread to prevent the actual size of the internal thread from being too large, resulting in a loose fit. The combination of the two can comprehensively and accurately determine whether the dimensional accuracy of the internal thread meets the requirements. Usage Method Questions How to use a threaded plug gauge correctly? Before use, first check the appearance of the threaded plug gauge to ensure that there are no defects such as wear, cracks, and rust, and that it is within the valid verification period. Clean the measured internal thread and the threaded plug gauge to remove oil stains, iron filings, and other impurities. Align the go gauge of the threaded plug gauge with the measured internal thread and gently screw it in with appropriate force. If it can be smoothly screwed into the entire length of the thread, it indicates that the effective pitch diameter and the minor diameter of the internal thread are qualified. Then screw in the not-go gauge. If the not-go gauge cannot be screwed in or can only be screwed in for no more than the specified number of pitches (such as 2 pitches), then the single pitch diameter of the internal thread is qualified, and the internal thread as a whole is qualified. After use, clean the threaded plug gauge in a timely manner and store it properly. How to select an appropriate threaded plug gauge? Select a threaded plug gauge of the corresponding specification and accuracy according to the thread standard (such as metric, British standard, American standard, etc.), nominal diameter, pitch, tolerance grade, and other parameters of the measured internal thread. Ensure that all parameters of the threaded plug gauge completely match those of the measured internal thread to guarantee the accuracy of the measurement. Maintenance and Upkeep Questions How to maintain and service a threaded plug gauge? After use, immediately wipe the threaded plug gauge with a clean cloth or a special cleaning agent to remove surface oil stains, impurities, etc. When not in use for a long time, apply anti-rust oil and store it in a dry, ventilated place without vibration, avoiding collisions with other hard objects. Regularly clean and check the threaded plug gauge. If wear, damage, or other situations are found, repair or replace it in a timely manner. Send the threaded plug gauge to a professional metrology institution for calibration and verification according to the specified cycle to ensure its accuracy and reliability. What should be done if a threaded plug gauge is worn? For a slightly worn threaded plug gauge, methods such as grinding can be used for repair, but after repair, it must be recalibrated and verified again to determine whether its accuracy still meets the requirements. If the wear is severe and affects the measurement accuracy, a new threaded plug gauge should be replaced in a timely manner to ensure the accuracy of the test results. Accuracy and Calibration Questions What are the accuracy grades of threaded plug gauges? Common accuracy grades include IT6, IT7, IT8, etc. The smaller the accuracy grade number, the higher the accuracy. Threaded plug gauges of different accuracy grades are suitable for the inspection of internal threads with different accuracy requirements. How to calibrate a threaded plug gauge? Usually, the threaded plug gauge needs to be sent to a professional metrology calibration institution. Professional personnel use high-precision measuring equipment, such as a coordinate measuring machine and a thread measuring instrument, to accurately measure and calibrate the dimensions, thread profile angles, pitches, and other parameters of the go gauge and the not-go gauge of the threaded plug gauge. During the calibration process, according to relevant standards and specifications, parameters that do not meet the requirements will be adjusted and corrected to bring them back within the specified accuracy range. The calibration cycle is generally determined according to factors such as the frequency of use and the usage environment, usually half a year or one year. Other Questions Must an internal thread that fails the inspection by a threaded plug gauge not be used? Not necessarily. An internal thread that fails the inspection may only have some dimensions exceeding the tolerance range. In some occasions where the accuracy requirement is not high, or after appropriate repair and adjustment, it may still meet the usage requirements. However, for key parts with strict accuracy requirements, an unqualified internal thread is generally not recommended for use to ensure the quality and safety of the product. Will using a threaded plug gauge in different temperature environments affect the measurement results? Yes. Since metal materials have the characteristic of thermal expansion and contraction, when a threaded plug gauge is used in different temperature environments, its size will change, thus affecting the accuracy of the measurement results. Therefore, in high-precision measurements, the measurement should be carried out as much as possible in a standard temperature environment (such as 20°C), or the measurement results should be corrected for temperature compensation.

Basic Information What is an inspection bar? An inspection bar is a measuring tool in the machinery industry, used for checking the geometric accuracy of various machine tools. It is made of high-quality carbon tool steel, undergoes multiple heat treatment processes during machining, and its working surface is precisely ground. What types of inspection bars are there? Commonly seen types include the spindle inspection bar with a standard tapered shank, the spherical inspection bar, and the straight shank cylindrical inspection bar without a taper. Purpose and Principle What is the main purpose of an inspection bar? It is mainly used to check accuracy items such as the radial circular runout, axial play, coaxiality, parallelism of spindle sleeve components, and their parallelism with the guide rails. It can also detect the runout of cutting tools, helping manufacturers maintain the stability and consistency of machining quality. What is the working principle of an inspection bar? The inspection bar is inserted into the measured part such as the spindle taper hole. It cooperates with measuring instruments like a dial indicator fixed on the fixed part of the machine tool. By using the change in the reading generated when the probe of the dial indicator contacts the surface of the inspection bar while the spindle is rotating, it reflects the various accuracy errors of the measured part, thus determining whether the measured part meets the accuracy requirements. Usage Method How to use an inspection bar correctly? Insert the inspection bar into the spindle taper hole. Fix the dial indicator on the fixed part of the machine tool and make the probe perpendicular and in contact with the measured surface. Rotate the spindle and record the difference between the minimum readings of the dial indicator. Mark the circumferential position of the inspection bar and the position of the spindle. Re-insert the inspection bar for detection at different positions (such as after rotating 90°, 180°, and 270°). How to select an appropriate inspection bar? Select it according to factors such as the type of the measured equipment, the accuracy requirements, and the size and shape of the measured part. For example, to detect the spindle runout of a high-precision machine tool, an inspection bar with a high accuracy grade should be selected. To detect the spindle taper hole of a specific specification, an inspection bar with the corresponding taper and size should be chosen. Maintenance and Upkeep How to maintain and service an inspection bar? Clean the surface stains, iron filings, and other impurities in a timely manner after use. Apply anti-rust oil when not in use for a long time, and store it in a dry, ventilated place without vibration, avoiding collisions with other hard objects. Check it regularly, and repair or replace it in case of wear or damage. What should be done if an inspection bar is worn? Slight wear can be repaired by means such as grinding, and it should be recalibrated after repair. When the wear seriously affects the measurement accuracy, a new inspection bar should be replaced in a timely manner. Accuracy and Calibration What are the accuracy grades of inspection bars? Common accuracy grades include Grade 0, Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, etc. The smaller the accuracy grade number, the higher the accuracy. How to calibrate an inspection bar? Usually, it needs to be sent to a professional metrology calibration institution. Professional personnel use high-precision measuring equipment, such as a coordinate measuring machine and a laser interferometer, to accurately measure and calibrate parameters such as the size, roundness, and straightness of the inspection bar, and adjust and correct the parameters that do not meet the requirements according to relevant standards. The calibration cycle is generally half a year or one year.

Basic Information What is a pin gauge? A pin gauge is a round bar with high hardness made of materials such as high-speed steel, tool steel, ceramic, tungsten steel, bearing steel, or other materials, and it has specific dimensions. What types of pin gauges are there? Commonly seen types include smooth pin gauges, pin gauges with handles, titanium-plated pin gauges, ceramic pin gauges, etc. Purposes What are the main applications of pin gauges? They are suitable for the measurement of hole diameters, hole pitches, and the minor diameters of internal threads in mechanical and electronic processing, and are especially suitable for the measurement of the widths of curved grooves and the dimensions of molds. They can also be used to check positions, serve as go/no-go gauges, and measure the depths of holes, etc. What are the characteristics of the applications of pin gauges in different industries? In the electronic board and circuit board industries, they are mainly used to measure tiny hole diameters and hole pitches. In mold manufacturing, they can detect the hole diameters, groove widths, and other dimensions of molds. In the field of precision machinery manufacturing, they are used to measure the dimensions of holes with high precision requirements to ensure the assembly accuracy and performance of parts. Accuracy and Parameters What are the accuracy grades of pin gauges? Common accuracies include ±0.001mm, ±0.002mm, +0.005mm, －0.005mm, etc. What is the size range of pin gauges? For the metric system, it is generally 0.10mm～30.00mm, and for the imperial system, it is 0.011inch～1.000inch. Usage Methods How to use a pin gauge correctly? Before use, check whether there are rust stains, scratches, etc. on the measuring surface, remove impurities such as anti-rust oil, and operate while wearing gloves. Select an appropriate pin gauge according to the measured hole diameter. Insert the pin gauge vertically and gently along the axis of the hole, without tilting, rotating, or shaking it, and do not push it into the hole with force. When measuring, try to make the pin gauge at the same temperature as the measured part, and use as little measuring force as possible. How to select an appropriate pin gauge? According to the diameter of the round hole of the measured part on the drawing, first select the pin gauge with the smallest specification for a trial measurement. For example, if the diameter of the round hole is 3.00+0.005mm, first try with a 2.950 pin gauge. If it can enter the hole, then successively select larger pin gauges for testing; if it cannot enter, select smaller pin gauges for testing. Maintenance and Upkeep How to maintain and service a pin gauge? After use, wipe it clean and put it in a small bottle with anti-rust oil for proper storage. Avoid contact with water or corrosive substances. Hold it with yarn gloves or rubber finger cots to prevent corrosion by sweat. Apply anti-rust oil regularly, conduct spot checks once a week, and check whether it is within the valid calibration period. What should be done if a pin gauge gets rusty or worn? For slight rust, it can be wiped with a special rust remover, and then dried and oiled. If the wear is slight, it can be used again after recalibration. If the wear is severe and affects the accuracy, it needs to be replaced. Calibration What is the general calibration cycle for pin gauges? Generally, it is half a year or one year, and it can be determined according to factors such as the frequency of use and the environment. What are the calibration methods for pin gauges? Prepare appropriate calibration gauges, and ensure that the calibration gauges and the measured equipment are kept at a constant temperature for no less than 2 hours at the specified temperature. Use the "0" ring calibration method or the ruler calibration method for calibration to eliminate zero errors. Standard parts can also be used for calibration. After measurement, calculate the error of the pin gauge.

Basic Concepts What is a valve filter? A valve filter is a device that integrates the functions of filtration and control, usually installed in a pipeline system. It removes impurities and particles from the fluid through the internal filter screen or filter media, and can also regulate the flow rate and pressure of the fluid. What are the main types of valve filters? oY-type filter: Commonly used for filtering liquid media in the petrochemical industry, it has a simple structure and is easy to clean. oBasket-type filter: Suitable for filtering large flow media, it is often used in the water treatment field. oT-type filter: Usually used for filtering gas media, and is applicable to occasions with a small pressure difference. oAutomatic self-cleaning filter: Equipped with an automatic cleaning function, it is suitable for filtering high-viscosity or easily clogging media. Working Principle What is the working principle of a valve filter? After the fluid enters the filter valve, the impurities are intercepted by the filter media, and the clean fluid flows out through the valve. How can we determine if a valve filter is working properly? We can determine it by observing whether the fluid flow rate is normal, whether the pressure difference is within a reasonable range, and whether there are abnormal sounds or leaks. We can also use an instrument such as a differential pressure gauge to measure the pressure difference on both sides of the filter. If it exceeds the set value, there may be problems such as blockage. Selection and Installation How to select an appropriate valve filter? oInlet and outlet diameters: In principle, they should not be smaller than the inlet diameter of the matched pump, and are generally consistent with the diameter of the inlet pipeline. oNominal pressure: Determine the pressure rating of the filter according to the maximum pressure that may occur in the filter pipeline. oFiltration accuracy: Determine it according to the particle size of the impurities to be intercepted, based on the requirements of the media process. oMaterial: Generally, it is selected to be the same as the material of the connected process pipeline. Depending on different service conditions, materials such as cast iron, carbon steel, low alloy steel, or stainless steel can also be considered. What are the precautions for installing a valve filter? oBefore installation: Carefully clean the threaded connection surfaces of all pipelines. When using pipeline sealant or Teflon tape, use an appropriate amount. Do not process the end threads to avoid the sealing material from entering the pipeline system. oInstallation location: It is usually installed at the inlet end of a pressure reducing valve, pressure relief valve, globe valve, or other equipment, and can be installed horizontally or vertically downward. oConnection fastening: Ensure that the connection with the pipeline is firm and there is no leakage. Pay attention not to damage the components of the filter during the installation process. Maintenance and Upkeep How to carry out daily maintenance of a valve filter? oCleaning: Regularly clean the valve to remove dirt and impurities, especially the sealing surface of the valve. oLubrication: Regularly add lubricating oil or grease to the dynamic and static sealing points as well as the bearings and other parts to keep the operation smooth. oComponent inspection: Check the vulnerable components of the valve, such as sealing rings and gaskets, and replace them in a timely manner if they are damaged. What factors affect the service life of a valve filter? oMedia characteristics: A high content of impurities and strong corrosiveness in the fluid will accelerate the wear and blockage of the filter, shortening its service life. oFrequency of use: For filters that are used frequently, their components are more prone to problems such as wear and aging. oMaintenance conditions: Regular and correct maintenance, such as timely cleaning and component replacement, can effectively extend the service life. oWorking environment: Harsh environments such as high temperature, high humidity, and strong vibration will have an adverse impact on the performance and service life of the filter. Troubleshooting What should be done if a valve filter is blocked? oClean or replace the filter element: For filters that can be cleaned, disassemble them and clean them with a special cleaning agent or tool. For filter elements that cannot be cleaned, replace them in a timely manner when they reach the end of their service life. oCheck the sewage discharge device: Ensure that the sewage discharge device is working properly, and clean it in time if there is a blockage. How to solve the problem if a valve filter leaks? oReplace the sealing parts: Check the sealing components such as sealing rings and gaskets, and replace them in a timely manner if they are damaged or aged. Check the valve body: Check whether there are cracks, corrosion, and other problems in the valve body. If necessary, repair or replace the valve body.

Basic Principle and Structure What is the working principle of a soft-sealing gate valve? A soft-sealing gate valve mainly utilizes the elastic deformation of soft materials such as rubber to achieve sealing. Under the action of the operating force and water pressure, the rubber-coated gate plate undergoes a slight adaptive elastic deformation and closely fits with the valve seat, thus achieving a good sealing effect. What are the main structural components of a soft-sealing gate valve? It usually includes the valve body, valve stem, gate plate, valve seat, packing, gland, etc. Among them, the gate plate is of an integral structure completely covered with rubber. The valve stem is used to drive the lifting of the gate plate, and the packing and gland are used to prevent the medium from leaking from the valve stem. Characteristics and Advantages Why does a soft-sealing gate valve have good sealing performance? Its sealing surface is made of soft materials such as rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene. These materials have good elasticity and flexibility and can closely fit with the valve seat. Even with a slight gap, they can achieve sealing, resulting in almost zero leakage. Compared with a hard-sealing gate valve, what are the differences of a soft-sealing gate valve? A soft-sealing gate valve has better sealing performance, especially suitable for occasions with high sealing requirements, a certain degree of corrosiveness of the medium, or fewer impurities. It is also lighter and easier to open and close. A hard-sealing gate valve is more suitable for harsh working conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, and media with particles, and has higher wear resistance and pressure resistance. Selection and Installation How to select an appropriate soft-sealing gate valve? Parameters such as nominal size, nominal pressure, applicable medium, and working temperature need to be considered. Select a valve with a corresponding nominal size according to the diameter of the pipeline; select a valve with a nominal pressure and working temperature grade that can meet the requirements according to the working pressure and temperature range in the pipeline; according to the properties of the medium, such as whether it is corrosive and whether it contains impurities, select appropriate valve body and sealing materials. What are the precautions during the installation of a soft-sealing gate valve? Before installation, check whether the model and specification of the valve are consistent with the design requirements and check whether the valve is damaged. Pay attention to the direction of the valve during installation. Generally, the medium flow direction is not restricted, but ensure that the installation position is convenient for operation and maintenance. Ensure that the flange or threaded connection is tightened during connection to avoid leakage. For a rising-stem soft-sealing gate valve, reserve enough space for the valve stem to extend. Maintenance and Upkeep How to carry out daily maintenance of a soft-sealing gate valve? Regularly check the internal structure and sealing performance of the valve, and clean the impurities and dirt inside the valve in a timely manner; replace the valve sealing gasket regularly; when the valve is not used for a long time, open and close it regularly to ensure the operating performance; pay attention to avoiding strong collisions and vibrations during storage and use. What are the vulnerable parts of a soft-sealing gate valve? How often do they generally need to be replaced? The vulnerable parts mainly include the sealing gasket, packing, and the rubber coating on the gate plate. The replacement cycle depends on factors such as the frequency of valve use and the nature of the medium. Generally, if problems such as a decrease in sealing performance and leakage at the valve stem are found, the corresponding vulnerable parts need to be checked and replaced. Faults and Handling What are the causes of leakage in a soft-sealing gate valve? How to solve it? Leakage may be caused by wear, corrosion, and scratches on the sealing surface, aging and damage of the sealing gasket, and wear of the valve stem packing. Solutions include grinding or replacing the sealing surface, replacing the sealing gasket and packing, and repairing or replacing the valve stem. What are the reasons for the difficult opening and closing of a soft-sealing gate valve? How to deal with it? It may be caused by rusting, scaling inside the valve, deformation and bending of the valve stem, the gate plate getting stuck, or a fault in the electric actuator. Treatment methods include derusting, cleaning, repairing or replacing the deformed parts, and checking and maintaining the electric actuator.

Principle and Structure What is the working principle of a butterfly valve? The opening and closing member of a butterfly valve is a disc-shaped butterfly plate, which rotates around its own axis within the valve body to achieve the purpose of opening, closing, or regulating the fluid. The rotation angle of the butterfly plate is usually less than 90°. When it is fully open, the butterfly plate has little obstruction to the fluid, resulting in low flow resistance. When it is closed, the butterfly plate fits closely with the valve seat to achieve sealing. What are the main structural components of a butterfly valve? It mainly includes the valve body, valve plate, valve shaft, sealing ring, and driving mechanism, etc. The valve body is the outer shell of the fluid passage. The valve plate is the component that controls the on-off of the fluid. The valve shaft connects the valve plate and the driving mechanism to transmit torque. The sealing ring ensures the sealing performance when closed. The driving mechanism is used to drive the rotation of the butterfly plate, and there are types such as manual, electric, pneumatic, and hydraulic. Characteristics and Applications What are the advantages of a butterfly valve? It has the characteristics of being convenient and quick to open and close, labor-saving, having low fluid resistance, and being able to be operated frequently. It has a simple structure, small volume, and light weight. It can transport media such as mud, and there is little liquid accumulated at the pipeline port. It has good sealing performance under low pressure and also has good regulating performance. In which scenarios is a butterfly valve suitable? It is widely used in industries such as petroleum, chemical engineering, metallurgy, water treatment, electric power, and construction. It can be used on pipelines for various media such as water, steam, oil products, gas, mud, acid and alkali solutions, etc., for purposes such as cutting off, regulating the flow rate, and throttling. Selection and Installation How to select an appropriate butterfly valve? Factors such as nominal diameter, nominal pressure, applicable medium, working temperature, connection method, and transmission method need to be considered. Select the nominal diameter according to the pipeline diameter. Select a butterfly valve with a suitable nominal pressure and temperature resistance grade according to the working pressure and temperature of the pipeline. Select the valve body and sealing material according to the nature of the medium. Select the connection and transmission method according to the operation requirements and on-site conditions. What are the precautions during the installation of a butterfly valve? Before installation, check whether the valve model and specification are consistent with the design and check whether the valve is damaged. During installation, the valve disc generally stops in the closed position. For a butterfly valve with a bypass valve, open the bypass valve first before opening. Pay attention to the installation direction, especially for butterfly valves with a directional requirement. The arrow on the valve body points to the water drainage end. Try to install it on a vertical pipeline. When installed horizontally, the valve shaft should preferably be horizontal. If it cannot be installed horizontally, the inclination angle should not exceed 45 degrees. When welding a butterfly valve, the grounding wire of the electric welding machine should be lapped on the steel pipe of the same-side weld joint. When welding a vertical pipe, fill water above the valve plate. When installed horizontally, wrap a wet cloth around the valve. Maintenance and Upkeep How to carry out daily maintenance of a butterfly valve? Regularly check the appearance of the valve, and see if there are any damages, cracks, or corrosion on the valve body, and whether the transmission device is in good condition. Check the sealing performance, and observe if there is any leakage when the valve is closed. Check the operation flexibility, and see if the manual operation is smooth. Clean the impurities and dirt inside the valve body, and lubricate the transmission device. What are the vulnerable parts of a butterfly valve? How often do they generally need to be replaced? The vulnerable parts mainly include the sealing ring, valve plate, valve shaft, and transmission parts, etc. The replacement cycle depends on factors such as the frequency of use, the nature of the medium, and the working conditions. Generally, when there are situations such as sealing leakage, inflexible operation, and component damage, it is necessary to check and replace them in a timely manner. Faults and Handling What are the causes of internal leakage in a butterfly valve? How to solve it? The causes may be wear of the sealing surface, the presence of foreign objects, aging or damage of the sealing ring, deformation of the butterfly plate, etc. The solutions include grinding or replacing the sealing surface, cleaning the foreign objects, replacing the sealing ring, and repairing or replacing the butterfly plate. What are the causes and handling methods of the inflexible operation of a butterfly valve? The possible causes are insufficient lubrication, problems with the air source or power supply, control signal problems, foreign object jams, faults in the transmission parts, bending or jamming of the valve stem, etc. The handling methods include adding lubricating oil, checking the air source and power supply, checking the signal line, cleaning the foreign objects, repairing or replacing the transmission parts, and straightening or replacing the valve stem.

Basic Principle and Structure What is the working principle of the multi-functional water pump control valve? When starting the pump, the operation of the water pump causes the water pressure to rise. The pressure acts on the underside of the main valve disc and the lower cavity of the control chamber, pushing the main valve to open. The water in the upper cavity of the control chamber is slowly discharged to the outlet end through the regulating valve, achieving a slow opening of the main valve. When shutting down the pump, the water pressure at the inlet end drops rapidly. The main valve core quickly closes to a large extent under the action of its own weight and the spring, preventing the backflow of water. The remaining opening is slowly closed by the combined action of the water pressure in the upper and lower cavities of the control chamber, forming a buffer to prevent a sharp increase in pressure. What components does the multi-functional water pump control valve consist of? It is composed of the main valve, the regulating valve, and the connecting pipe system. The main valve includes the valve body, the main valve plate, the slow-closing valve plate, the valve stem, the valve seat, and the diaphragm controller, etc. The externally installed accessories include the control valve, the filter, the vent valve, the micro-check valve, etc. Functions and Applications What are the main functions of the multi-functional water pump control valve? It has the functions of a gate valve, a check valve, and a water hammer arrester. It can slowly open when the water pump starts to reduce the load on the motor. When the pump stops, it first closes quickly to a certain extent and then closes slowly, achieving a smooth shutdown and preventing the backflow of water. It can also effectively weaken or eliminate the water hammer phenomenon and protect the pipeline and equipment. In which scenarios is it mainly applied? It is mainly used on the outlet pipelines of water pumps in high-rise building water supply systems and other water supply systems. It can also be used in automatic control in occasions such as industrial and civil water supply systems, hot water heating systems, and fire protection systems. Selection and Installation How to select an appropriate multi-functional water pump control valve? Select it according to parameters such as the working pressure, medium temperature, nominal diameter, and flow rate of the pipeline system. Also, select the materials for the valve body and the sealing parts according to the nature of the medium, and determine the connection and transmission methods according to the operation requirements and on-site conditions. What should be paid attention to during installation? It should be installed at the outlet end of the water pump to ensure the unidirectional flow of the medium. A filter should be installed in front of the valve, and it should be convenient for sewage discharge. Conduct strength and tightness tests before installation. Pay attention to the installation direction to ensure that the arrow on the valve body is in the same direction as the water flow direction. The installation position should be convenient for operation and maintenance, and avoid vibration-prone areas. Maintenance and Fault Handling How to carry out daily maintenance? Regularly check the external condition to see if there is any damage, corrosion, or leakage. Clean the valve body to remove dirt and sediment. Check the sealing performance and replace the sealing ring or valve components in a timely manner. Check the operating mechanism to ensure smooth operation and lubricate it. Calibrate the control system to ensure the accuracy of the sensors and control signals. How to deal with the leakage of the valve? The reasons may be the aging or damage of the sealing parts, the presence of impurities between the valve seat and the valve plate, or the loosening of the connecting parts. The solutions are to replace the sealing parts, clean the impurities, and tighten the connecting parts. If the valve body is cracked and leaking, the valve body needs to be replaced. What are the reasons and handling methods for the abnormal opening and closing of the valve? The reasons may be the blockage of the control pipeline, the jamming of the internal parts of the valve, the failure of the actuator, etc. When handling it, check the control pipeline and clean the blockage; disassemble the valve, clean and lubricate the jammed parts; check the components of the actuator such as the motor, piston, and diaphragm, and repair or replace the damaged components.

Basic Principles What is the working principle of a slow - closing silencing check valve? A slow - closing silencing check valve is mainly composed of components such as the valve body, valve seat, valve disc, spring, and damping device. When the medium flows forward, the medium pressure pushes the valve disc to open, allowing the medium to pass through smoothly. When the water pump stops working and the medium has a tendency to flow backward, the valve disc, under the action of its own gravity and the spring force, first quickly closes most of the opening to prevent a large amount of medium from flowing backward. After that, the remaining small part of the opening is controlled by the damping device. For example, the pressure behind the valve is transmitted to a specific pressure - regulating chamber through a conduit. As the pressure in the pressure - regulating chamber increases, the valve disc slowly closes the remaining part. This can effectively slow down the closing speed, thereby weakening or eliminating the water hammer phenomenon and achieving the effects of slow - closing and silencing. What are the differences between a slow - closing silencing check valve and a common check valve? A common check valve mainly relies on the medium flow and its own gravity to open and close. The closing speed is relatively fast, which is likely to cause the water hammer phenomenon, resulting in vibration, noise, and even damage to the pipeline system. While a slow - closing silencing check valve has additional slow - closing and silencing designs. When closing, it can act in stages, first quickly closing most of the part and then slowly closing the remaining part, greatly reducing the generation of water hammer, reducing the pressure impact and noise of the pipeline system, and is more suitable for pipeline systems that are sensitive to water hammer. Functional Features What are the remarkable functions of a slow - closing silencing check valve? The most prominent functions are slow - closing and silencing. When the water pump stops running, through a special structure and control method, it can slowly close the valve to prevent the medium from flowing backward rapidly and triggering the water hammer. At the same time, the internal damping design and the slow - closing process effectively reduce the noise generated when the valve closes, avoiding interference with the surrounding environment. In addition, it also has the basic check function of preventing the medium from flowing backward, ensuring that the medium in the pipeline system flows in the specified direction. How to ensure the sealing performance of a slow - closing silencing check valve? High - quality sealing materials are usually used, such as rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene. These materials have good elasticity and corrosion resistance and can fit closely with the valve seat. In terms of design, the contact surfaces of the valve disc and the valve seat are precisely processed to ensure the flatness and smoothness of the sealing surface, reducing the possibility of leakage. During long - term use, even if it is scoured and worn by the medium, as long as regular maintenance and inspection are carried out and the aging or damaged sealing parts are replaced in time, its good sealing performance can be continuously ensured. Selection and Installation How to select a slow - closing silencing check valve of the appropriate specification? First, clarify the parameters of the pipeline system, such as working pressure, medium temperature, and flow rate. According to the working pressure, select a valve with a nominal pressure greater than or equal to the system working pressure to ensure that the valve can withstand the system pressure without being damaged. According to the medium temperature, select the valve body and sealing materials that can adapt to the corresponding temperature range. For example, high - temperature - resistant materials are required for high - temperature media. Based on the flow rate calculation, select a valve with an appropriate diameter to ensure that the flow - through capacity of the valve meets the system flow requirements. At the same time, also consider the nature of the medium, such as whether it is corrosive and whether it contains impurities, and select the valve of the corresponding material. What are the precautions during the installation of a slow - closing silencing check valve? Before installation, check whether the valve model and specification are consistent with the design requirements, whether the valve appearance is damaged, and whether all components are complete. During installation, it is necessary to install strictly in the direction indicated by the arrow on the valve body to ensure the correct flow direction of the medium. Try to install it on a horizontal pipeline. If it needs to be installed on a vertical pipeline, it should be carried out according to the specific type and requirements of the valve to prevent the valve from not working properly due to improper installation. When connecting with the pipeline, ensure that the connection part is well - sealed. Appropriate gaskets and connection methods can be used. For example, for flange connection, ensure that the flange surface is flat and the bolts are tightened evenly to avoid water leakage or air leakage. In addition, sufficient space should be reserved before and after the valve for future maintenance and repair. Maintenance What are the key points of daily maintenance of a slow - closing silencing check valve? Regularly check the appearance of the valve to see if there are cracks, deformations, corrosion, etc. on the valve body. Check the sealing performance of the valve and observe whether there is medium leakage. If there is leakage, find the cause in time and replace the sealing parts. Regularly clean the impurities and dirt inside the valve, which can be done by disassembly and cleaning or using special cleaning equipment to prevent impurities from affecting the normal operation of the valve. Regularly add lubricant to the moving parts of the valve, such as the valve stem and spring, to ensure their flexible operation. At the same time, also check whether the damping device and the control pipeline are normal, and whether there are blockages or damages. What is the maintenance cycle of a slow - closing silencing check valve? There is no fixed standard for the maintenance cycle, which mainly depends on the frequency of valve use, the nature of the medium, and the working conditions. Generally speaking, for valves that are used frequently, it is recommended to conduct an appearance inspection and simple function test every month; conduct a more comprehensive maintenance every quarter, including cleaning, lubrication, and sealing performance inspection. For valves working in harsh environments, such as those with strong - corrosive media and many impurities, the maintenance cycle should be appropriately shortened. It may be necessary to conduct inspections every week to discover and solve potential problems in time to ensure the normal operation and service life of the valve. Fault Handling What should be done if a slow - closing silencing check valve leaks? If it is a leakage at the sealing surface, it may be due to the aging or damage of the sealing parts, or there are impurities or scratches on the sealing surface. First, disassemble the valve and check the sealing parts. If there is aging or damage, replace the new sealing parts in time; if there are impurities on the sealing surface, clean them; if there are deep scratches, they can be ground and repaired or the relevant parts can be replaced. If it is a leakage of the valve body, it may be that the valve body has cracks or sand holes. Slight cracks can be repaired by welding, but pay attention to the welding process and quality; if the cracks are large or there are many sand holes, it is recommended to replace the valve body. In addition, if there is a leakage at the connection part, check whether the gasket is damaged and whether the bolts are loose. Replace the gasket and re - tighten the bolts. What are the reasons and solutions for the abnormal slow - closing of a slow - closing silencing check valve? The reasons may be the failure of the damping device, such as the blockage of the damping hole and the damage of the damper, which leads to the inability to slow down the closing speed. At this time, it is necessary to clean the damping hole or replace the damper. It may also be that the control pipeline is blocked or leaking, causing abnormal pressure transmission. The control pipeline should be checked, the blockages should be cleaned, and the leakage points should be repaired. There may also be impurities jamming the valve disc or valve stem, affecting their normal operation. The valve needs to be disassembled to clean the impurities and ensure that the valve disc and valve stem move freely. In addition, insufficient spring elasticity or damage will also affect the slow - closing effect, and the spring should be replaced in time.

Basic Principle - What is the working principle of ball check valve? : The ball check valve is mainly composed of valve body, ball, valve seat and spring and other components. When the medium is flowing in the positive direction, the pressure of the medium to push the ball away from the valve seat, so that the ball is open, the medium can pass smoothly. When the media backflow tendency, the ball in its own gravity and spring force under the joint action, quickly fall back to the valve seat, close fit, so as to prevent the media backflow. Among them, the spring plays a role in assisting the rapid reset of the ball, to ensure that the pressure changes, the valve can respond in a timely manner. - What is the difference between ball check valves and other types of check valves? : Compared with traditional swing check valves, ball check valves are more compact in structure, small in size, light in weight, and more convenient in installation and maintenance. In terms of sealing performance, the close fit between the ball and the valve seat can effectively reduce leakage, and in some special working conditions, its anti-cavitation ability is stronger. Compared with lift check valves, ball check valves have less fluid resistance, smoother media flow, and can be installed in any angle of the pipeline, the use of a wider range of scenarios. Functional characteristics - What are the outstanding functions of the ball check valve? Its core function is to prevent the medium from backflow, to ensure that the medium in the pipeline system flows in the intended direction, to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system. At the same time, due to the flexible movement of the sphere, the valve's response speed is fast, and it can quickly respond to changes in the flow direction of the medium. In some occasions that require rapid check, such as sudden stoppage of the pump, can effectively prevent the generation of water hammer phenomenon, to protect the pipeline and equipment from damage. In addition, some of the ball check valve also has good sealing performance, can be used for leakage requirements of strict media transportation system. - How to ensure good sealing performance of ball check valves? Usually adopts high-precision processing of the ball and valve seat, the surface roughness of the two low, with high precision, can realize the close fit. Sealing materials are mostly rubber, PTFE and other materials with good elasticity and corrosion resistance to further enhance the sealing effect. In the structural design, the reasonable selection and installation of the spring can ensure that the ball is always subject to sufficient pressure when it is closed to maintain close contact with the valve seat, thus effectively preventing leakage. Selection and installation - How to choose the right specification ball check valve? First of all, according to the working pressure of the pipeline system, select the nominal pressure is greater than the maximum working pressure of the system valve, to ensure the safety of the valve in a high-pressure environment. According to the temperature range of the medium, select the valve body and sealing materials that can adapt to the corresponding temperature, such as high-temperature media need to choose high-temperature alloy valve body and seals. Combined with the flow requirements of the system, through the flow calculation to select the appropriate diameter of the valve, to ensure that the valve's flow capacity to meet the actual working conditions. At the same time, consider the nature of the medium, if the medium is corrosive, corrosion-resistant stainless steel or special alloy material should be selected valves; if the medium contains impurities, you can choose the valve with filtering function or strong anti-scouring ability. - What are the precautions for the installation of ball check valve? : Before installation, you need to carefully check whether the model and specification of the valve are consistent with the design, whether there are any defects in the appearance of the valve, and whether the components are complete. Installation, in strict accordance with the direction of the arrow marked on the valve body to ensure that the media flow in the right direction. Although the ball check valve can be installed in any angle pipeline, but horizontal installation is more effective, can reduce the ball due to gravity on the sealing performance. When connecting with the pipeline, to ensure that the connection part of the seal is good, you can use the appropriate gasket and connection method, such as flange connection to ensure that the flange surface is flat, bolt fastening uniformity, to avoid leakage. In addition, a certain space should be reserved before and after the valve to facilitate subsequent maintenance and overhaul. Maintenance - What are the main points of daily maintenance of ball check valve? : Regularly check the appearance of the valve to see if the valve body has cracks, deformation, corrosion, etc., especially for valves working in harsh environments. Check the sealing performance of the valve, observe whether there is media leakage, if there is leakage, find the cause and replace the seals in time. Regularly clean up the impurities and dirt inside the valve, either by disassembling and cleaning or using specialized cleaning equipment to prevent impurities from affecting the normal movement of the ball. The valve's spring and other moving parts, regularly add lubricants to ensure its flexible operation, while checking the spring's elasticity is normal, such as abnormal timely replacement. - How long is the maintenance cycle of ball check valve? : The maintenance cycle depends mainly on the frequency of use of the valve, the nature of the medium and working conditions. Generally speaking, the frequent use of the valve, it is recommended that the appearance of a monthly inspection and a simple function test; quarterly more comprehensive maintenance, including cleaning, lubrication and sealing performance checks. For work in harsh environments, such as media corrosive, impurities, the valve, the maintenance cycle should be appropriately shortened, may need to be inspected weekly, to identify and solve potential problems in a timely manner, to ensure the normal operation and service life of the valve. Troubleshooting - Ball check valve leakage how to do? : If the sealing surface leaks, the seal may be aging, damage, or impurities and scratches on the sealing surface. The valve can be disassembled first, check the seals, if there is aging or damage, timely replacement of new seals; if there are impurities on the sealing surface, clean up; such as deep scratches, can be ground to repair or replace the relevant parts. If the valve body leakage, may be the valve body cracks or trachoma, minor cracks can be repaired by welding, but pay attention to the welding process and quality; if the cracks are larger or there are more trachoma, it is recommended to replace the valve body. In addition, if the connection part leaks, check whether the gasket is damaged, whether the bolt is loose, replace the gasket and re-tighten the bolt. - Ball check valve can not be normal check the reasons and solutions? The reason may be that the ball is stuck by impurities, can not fall back to the valve seat, then need to disassemble the valve, clean up impurities, to ensure that the ball moves freely. It is also possible that the spring is not elastic enough or damaged, can not provide enough force to make the ball reset, the spring should be checked and replaced in time. It is also possible that the valve seat is damaged, resulting in the ball and the valve seat can not be tightly fit, the valve seat needs to be repaired or replaced. In addition, if the medium pressure is unstable or fluctuates too much, it may also affect the normal check function of the valve, you need to check the system pressure and adjust accordingly.

Basic Principle What is the working principle of rubber flap swing check valve? Rubber flap swing check valve is mainly composed of valve body, valve cover, rubber flap, pin, rocker and other components. When the medium is flowing in the positive direction, the pressure of the medium to promote the rubber flap around the pin rotation, so that the rubber flap open, the medium can be passed smoothly. When the media backflow tendency, the rubber flap in its own gravity and the media reverse pressure under the joint action of the rapid fall back to the valve seat, close fit, so as to prevent the media backflow. What is the difference between rubber flap swing check valve and other types of check valve? Compared with the spherical check valve, the rubber flap rotary check valve valve flap is rotating around the pin, rather than the sphere of the movement, and the rubber flap material so that its sealing performance, for some of the slight impurities of the media can be better adapted to, but in the anti-cavitation ability, the specific conditions may not be as good as the spherical check valve. Compared with the lift check valve, rubber flap swing check valve fluid resistance is smaller, because its valve flow path is basically a straight line, more suitable for large-diameter occasions, but its sealing performance in some cases slightly inferior. Functional Characteristics What are the outstanding functions of rubber flap swing check valve? The core function is to prevent the medium from backflow, to ensure that the medium in the pipeline system flows in a predetermined direction, to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system. The rubber flap material has good elasticity and abrasion resistance, can adapt to a certain degree of pressure fluctuations, and can effectively buffer when closing, reducing water hammer damage to pipelines and equipment. How to ensure good sealing performance of rubber flap swing check valve? The rubber flap itself has elasticity, and can closely fit with the valve seat when closing. At the same time, in the structural design, through the reasonable pin installation and rocker connection, to ensure that the rubber flap in the closing process can be uniform force, to maintain close contact with the valve seat, so as to effectively prevent leakage. Moreover, the rubber material has a certain degree of resistance to some common corrosive media, which further guarantees the sealing performance under complex working conditions. Selection points How to choose the right specification of rubber flap swing check valve? According to the working pressure of the pipeline system, select the valve with a nominal pressure greater than the maximum working pressure of the system to ensure safety in high-pressure environments. According to the temperature range of the medium, select the valve body and rubber flap material that can adapt to the corresponding temperature, such as high temperature environment, need to choose high temperature resistant rubber material and valve body material. Combined with the flow requirements of the system, through the flow calculation to select the appropriate diameter of the valve, to ensure that the flow capacity of the valve to meet the actual working conditions. At the same time, consider the nature of the medium, if the medium contains a small amount of impurities, the elasticity of the rubber flap can play a certain buffer and adapt to the role; if the medium is more corrosive, you need to choose corrosion-resistant valve body material and special formula of the rubber flap. How to choose the specific type of rubber flap swing check valve under different working conditions? In large-diameter water supply and drainage system, give priority to single- or double-flap rubber flap rotary check valve, their flow resistance is small, to meet the needs of large flow; for the prevention of water hammer requirements of the occasion, you can choose the rubber flap rotary check valve with a slow-closing device, through the slow-closing mechanism to reduce the impact of the valve closure; in some of the sealing requirements of the very high requirements for the transmission of pure media, we must pay attention to rubber flap and valve seat In some pure medium transportation which requires very high sealing performance, we should pay attention to the precision of rubber flap and valve seat and the quality of rubber. Installation Rubber flap swing check valve before installation what need to be done to prepare? Check carefully whether the model and specification of the valve are consistent with the design, whether there are cracks, sand holes and other defects in the appearance of the valve, and whether the parts are complete, especially whether the rubber flap is damaged and aging signs. Clean up the internal impurities of the pipeline to prevent impurities from entering the valve after installation to affect the normal movement of the rubber flap. Prepare the tools and materials needed for installation, such as wrenches, gaskets, etc. . What are the precautions for installing rubber flap swing check valve? Installation: Strictly in accordance with the direction of the arrow on the valve body to ensure that the media flow in the right direction. Can be installed in both horizontal and vertical pipelines, but when installed in vertical pipelines, the medium must flow from the bottom up . When connecting with the pipeline, make sure that the connection parts are well sealed, such as flange connection to ensure that the flange surface is flat and the bolts are tightened evenly to avoid leakage. In addition, the valve before and after the valve should reserve a certain amount of space, to facilitate subsequent maintenance and overhaul, and at the same time to avoid additional external impact on the valve . Maintenance What are the daily maintenance points of rubber flap swing check valve? : Regularly check the appearance of the valve to see whether the valve body has cracks, deformation, corrosion, etc., especially the valve working in harsh environments. Check the sealing performance of the rubber flap, observe whether there is media leakage, if there is leakage, find the reason in time, may be the rubber flap aging, wear and tear, need to be replaced in time. Regularly clean the impurities and dirt inside the valve to prevent impurities from affecting the normal rotation of the rubber flap. For the pin, rocker and other moving parts, regularly add lubricants to ensure its flexible operation. How long is the maintenance cycle of rubber flap swing check valve? : The maintenance cycle depends mainly on the frequency of use of the valve, the nature of the medium and working conditions. Generally speaking, the use of frequent valves, it is recommended that the appearance of a monthly inspection and a simple function test; quarterly more comprehensive maintenance, including cleaning, lubrication and sealing performance checks. For work in harsh environments, such as media corrosive, impurities, the valve, the maintenance cycle should be appropriately shortened, may need to be inspected weekly, to identify and solve potential problems in a timely manner, to ensure that the normal operation of the valve and service life. Troubleshooting Rubber flap swing check valve leakage how to do? If the rubber flap is leaking at the sealing place with the valve seat, it may be that the rubber flap is aging, worn out, or there are impurities on the sealing surface. The valve can be disassembled first, check the rubber flap, if there is aging, wear and tear in time to replace the new rubber flap; if there are impurities on the sealing surface, clean it up. If the valve body leakage, may be the valve body cracks or trachoma, minor cracks can be repaired by welding, but pay attention to the welding process and quality; if the cracks are large or there are more trachoma, it is recommended to replace the valve body. In addition, if the connection part leaks, check whether the sealing gasket is damaged, whether the bolt is loose, replace the sealing gasket and re-tighten the bolt. Rubber flap swing check valve can not be normal check the reasons and solutions? The reason may be that the rubber flap is stuck by impurities, can not fall back to the valve seat, this time the valve needs to be disassembled, clean up the impurities, to ensure that the rubber flap is free to move. May also be the pin, rocker and other parts of the rust, stuck, affecting the rotation of the rubber flap, should be cleaned up and rust parts for rust, lubrication treatment. There is also the possibility that the valve seat is damaged, resulting in the rubber flap and the valve seat can not be tightly fitted, the valve seat needs to be repaired or replaced. In addition, if the medium pressure is unstable or fluctuates too much, it may also affect the normal check function of the valve, you need to check the system pressure and adjust accordingly.

Basic Principle What is the working principle of muffler check valve? Silent check valve controls the unidirectional flow of fluid through the automatic opening and closing of the valve flap. When the fluid flows in the specified direction, the valve is opened by the role of the media force, the fluid can be passed smoothly; fluid countercurrent, the valve flap due to self-weight and the role of the media reverse force and the sealing surface of the valve seat closed to prevent the medium from flowing backwards. In particular, the muffler check valve often adopts the slant plate structure, the valve flap adopts the center axis guiding at both ends of the inlet and outlet, together with the spring-loaded design, which can effectively eliminate the water hammer during the fast closing, thus realizing the vibration-free and noise-free operation. What is the difference between silenced check valve and other types of check valve? Compared with spherical check valves, silenced check valves use a sloped plate valve rotating around the center axis instead of a moving sphere, and its sloped plate structure with a spring can better muffle noise and eliminate water hammer, although the sealing reliability may not be as good as that of spherical check valves under low differential pressure. Compared with lift check valves, silenced check valves can be installed more flexibly, either horizontally or vertically, while the lift type usually requires vertical installation; silenced check valves have outstanding performance in eliminating water hammer and muffling sound, while lift check valves have a relatively simpler structure. Functional Characteristics What are the outstanding functions of muffler check valve? The core function is to prevent the medium from backflow, to ensure that the medium in the pipeline system flows in a predetermined direction, and to maintain the safe and stable operation of the system. Its unique structural design can effectively reduce the noise generated when the valve is closed, especially suitable for places with high requirements for noise control, such as hotels, residences and so on. At the same time, through the spring loading and other designs, can buffer the impact of the medium when closing, effectively eliminating the phenomenon of water hammer, reduce the damage to pipelines and equipment. How to ensure a good sound damping effect of the muffler check valve? Adopting slant plate valve structure, the valve flap is guided by the center axis at both ends of the inlet and outlet, the opening and closing action is relatively smooth, which reduces the collision noise between the valve flap and the valve seat. The spring loading design makes the valve close quickly, avoiding the medium impact noise caused by slow closing. In addition, in the design of some sound damping check valves, sound-absorbing materials will be used or special acoustic optimization of the valve body internal design, to further reduce the generation and propagation of noise. Selection points How to choose the appropriate specifications of the muffler check valve? According to the working pressure of the piping system, select the valve whose nominal pressure is greater than the maximum working pressure of the system to ensure the safety in the high-pressure environment. According to the temperature range of the medium, select the valve body and sealing materials that can adapt to the corresponding temperature, such as high temperature environment, need to choose high temperature resistant materials. Combined with the flow requirements of the system, through the flow calculation to select the appropriate diameter of the valve, to ensure that the valve's flow capacity to meet the actual working conditions. At the same time, consider the nature of the medium, if the medium is corrosive, need to choose corrosion-resistant valve body materials and sealing materials. How to choose the specific type of muffler check valve for different application scenarios? In hotels, houses and other noise-sensitive building water supply system, give preference to the inclined plate type silencing check valve, which has a good effect of silencing and eliminating water hammer, and can meet the needs of a quiet environment. In the industrial field of water supply and drainage system, if the pipeline caliber is large, you can choose the large-diameter rotary muffler check valve, its flow resistance is small, can adapt to the working conditions of the large flow; for the industrial pipeline with strict requirements for the prevention of water hammer, the muffler check valve with a slow-closing device is a better choice, through the slow-closing mechanism to further reduce the impact of the valve when it is closed. Installation What do I need to do before installing the muffler check valve? Check carefully whether the model and specification of the valve are consistent with the design, check the appearance of the valve for cracks, sand holes and other defects, and whether the parts are complete, especially the valve and the spring is intact. Thoroughly clean up the pipeline internal impurities, welding slag, etc., to prevent the installation of impurities into the valve to affect the normal movement of the valve and sealing performance. Prepare the tools and materials needed for installation, such as wrenches, gaskets, screwdrivers, etc. . At the same time, read the valve's installation instructions to understand its operating principle, installation requirements and precautions. What are the precautions for installing muffler check valve? Installation: Strictly in accordance with the direction of the arrow on the valve body to ensure that the media flow in the right direction, otherwise it can not achieve the function of non-return, but also may bring risks to the equipment and the system. Can be installed in both horizontal and vertical piping, but when installed in vertical piping, the medium must flow from the bottom upwards. When connecting with the pipeline, make sure that the connection parts are well sealed, such as flange connection to ensure that the flange surface is flat and the bolts are tightened evenly to avoid leakage. In addition, before and after the valve should reserve a certain amount of space for subsequent maintenance and repair, while avoiding additional external impact on the valve. Maintenance What are the daily maintenance points of muffler check valve? : Regularly check the appearance of the valve to see whether the valve body has cracks, deformation, corrosion, etc., especially in harsh environments working in the valve . Check the sealing performance of the valve flap, observe whether there is media leakage, if there is leakage, find the reason in time, may be the valve flap wear, seal aging, need to be replaced in time. Regularly clean the impurities and dirt inside the valve to prevent impurities from affecting the normal rotation and closing of the valve. Regularly check the elasticity and working condition of springs and other moving parts, and replace them in time if there is any abnormality. How long is the maintenance cycle of muffler check valve? The maintenance cycle depends mainly on the frequency of use of the valve, the nature of the medium and the working conditions. Generally speaking, the frequent use of the valve, it is recommended to carry out a monthly appearance check and a simple function test; quarterly more comprehensive maintenance, including cleaning, checking the sealing performance and spring status. For work in harsh environments, such as media corrosive, impurities in the valve, the maintenance cycle should be appropriately shortened, may need to be inspected weekly, to identify and solve potential problems in a timely manner, to ensure that the normal operation of the valve and service life. Troubleshooting What should we do if there is leakage of muffler check valve? If the valve flap and seat seal leakage, it may be the valve flap wear, aging seals, or impurities on the sealing surface. The valve can be disassembled first, check the valve and seals, if there is wear and tear, aging in time to replace the new; if there are impurities on the sealing surface, clean it up. If the valve body leakage, may be the valve body cracks or trachoma, minor cracks can be repaired by welding, but pay attention to the welding process and quality; if the cracks are larger or there are more trachoma, it is recommended to replace the valve body. In addition, if the connection part leaks, check whether the gasket is damaged, whether the bolt is loose, replace the gasket and re-tighten the bolt. Reasons and solutions for the muffler check valve not being able to check properly? The reason may be that the valve flap is stuck by impurities, and can not fall back to the valve seat normally, at this time you need to disassemble the valve, clean up the impurities, and ensure that the valve flap moves freely. It may also be that the spring elasticity is insufficient or damaged, affecting the closure of the valve flap, the spring should be checked and replaced in a timely manner. It is also possible that the valve seat is damaged, resulting in the valve and the valve seat can not be close to the valve seat, the valve seat needs to be repaired or replaced. In addition, if the medium pressure is unstable or fluctuates too much, it may also affect the normal check function of the valve, you need to check the system pressure and adjust accordingly.

Basic Principle What is the working principle of hard seal gate valve? The opening and closing parts of the hard seal gate valve is the gate, the movement direction of the gate is perpendicular to the direction of the fluid. When the valve is open, by rotating the valve stem, the gate rises, so that the gate and the valve seat are separated, the fluid can pass through the valve cavity, to realize the flow; when the valve is closed, reverse rotation of the valve stem, the gate falls, and the valve seat is closely affixed to the valve seat, so as to cut off the fluid. Part of the hard seal gate valve adopts self-sealing design, relying on media pressure to the sealing surface of the gate to the other side of the valve seat to ensure sealing; most of them are forced sealing, relying on external force to force the gate to the valve seat to ensure sealing. What is the difference between hard seal gate valve and soft seal gate valve? In terms of sealing performance, hard seal gate valve adopts metal-to-metal sealing, which can theoretically realize zero leakage, while soft seal gate valve adopts malleable materials (such as rubber) as the seal, which has relatively poor sealing performance, but it can adapt to certain leakage requirements. Applicable temperature, hard seal gate valve is suitable for high temperature, high pressure, corrosion and other harsh environments, can withstand higher temperatures and pressures; soft seal gate valve applicable temperature is lower, generally not more than 80 ℃. Maintenance, hard seal gate valve due to friction between the metal sealing surface is large, easy to wear and need regular maintenance; soft seal gate valve due to sealing surface friction is small, relatively little maintenance. Service life, hard seal gate valve sealing surface contact is easy to wear, so relatively short; soft seal gate valve due to friction is small, relatively long service life. Functional characteristics What are the outstanding functions of hard seal gate valve? The main function is to cut off the fluids in the pipeline, to ensure that the fluids in the pipeline system according to the requirements of the flow or stop, to ensure the normal operation of the system. In high temperature, high pressure and strong corrosion and other poor working conditions, can work stably, maintain good sealing performance, to prevent media leakage. Its structural design makes the fluid resistance is small, the media flow direction is not restricted, do not disturb the flow, do not reduce the pressure, reducing the pressure loss and energy consumption of the pipeline system. Hard seal gate valve how to ensure good sealing performance? : Hard seal gate valve through the metal sealing surface between the close fit to achieve sealing . The sealing surfaces of the gate and the valve seat are precision machined, with high flatness and finish, and can be tightly fitted. When the valve is closed, relying on external force (forced sealing) or media pressure (self-sealing), so that the sealing surface between the gate and the valve seat to generate sufficient sealing pressure, thus effectively preventing media leakage. At the same time, some hard seal gate valves also use special sealing structure and materials to further enhance the sealing performance. Selection points How to choose the right specification hard seal gate valve? First of all, we should clarify the working pressure of the pipeline system, select the nominal pressure greater than the maximum working pressure of the system valve, to ensure safe operation in a high-pressure environment. According to the temperature range of the medium, select the valve body and sealing materials that can adapt to the corresponding temperature, such as high-temperature media need to choose high-temperature alloy materials. Combined with the flow requirements of the system, through the flow calculation to select the appropriate diameter of the valve, to ensure that the valve's flow capacity to meet the actual working conditions. At the same time, consider the nature of the medium, if the medium is corrosive, you need to choose corrosion-resistant stainless steel or special alloy material valves; if the medium contains impurities, consider the valve's anti-scouring and abrasion resistance. How to choose the specific type of hard seal gate valve under different working conditions? : In the high temperature and high pressure steam piping system, give priority to wedge type hard seal gate valve, its sealing performance and high temperature and high pressure performance is good. In the petrochemical industry to transport corrosive media, the use of corrosion-resistant materials hard seal gate valve, such as stainless steel or lined hard seal gate valve. For large diameter water supply and drainage system, parallel gate hard seal gate valve is a good choice, its flow resistance is small, can meet the needs of large flow. In some of the very high requirements for sealing occasions, you can choose the better sealing performance of the resilient gate hard seal gate valve. Installation What do I need to do before installation of hard seal gate valve? : Double-check whether the model and specification of the valve are consistent with the design, check the appearance of the valve for cracks, sand holes and other defects, and whether the components are complete. Clean up the pipeline internal impurities, welding slag, etc., to prevent the installation of impurities into the valve to affect the normal movement of the gate and sealing performance. Prepare the tools and materials needed for installation, such as wrenches, gaskets, screwdrivers, etc. . At the same time, read the valve's installation instructions to understand its operating principle, installation requirements and precautions. What are the precautions for installing hard seal gate valve? : Installation should be strictly in accordance with the flow direction of the valve logo to ensure that the media flow in the correct direction . Installation location should be easy to operate and maintain, try to avoid installation in a location that is difficult to access. When connecting with the pipeline, make sure that the connection parts are well sealed, such as flange connection to ensure that the flange surface is flat and the bolts are tightened evenly to avoid leakage. In addition, before and after the valve should reserve a certain amount of space for subsequent maintenance and repair, while avoiding additional external impact on the valve. For open stem gate valves, attention should be paid to the lifting space of the valve stem to avoid obstruction of the valve stem in the process of opening and closing. Maintenance What are the daily maintenance points of hard seal gate valve? : Regularly check the appearance of the valve to see whether the valve body has cracks, deformation, corrosion, etc., especially for valves working in harsh environments . Check the sealing performance of the gate and seat, observe whether there is media leakage, if there is leakage, find the reason in time, may be the sealing surface wear, scratches, the need for timely repair or replacement. Regularly clean the impurities and dirt inside the valve to prevent impurities affecting the normal movement of the gate. For the valve stem and other moving parts, regularly add lubricants to ensure its flexible operation, while checking whether the threads of the valve stem is damaged. How long is the maintenance cycle of hard seal gate valve? Maintenance cycle depends mainly on the frequency of use of the valve, the nature of the medium and working conditions. Generally speaking, frequent use of the valve, it is recommended to carry out a monthly appearance check and a simple function test; quarterly more comprehensive maintenance, including cleaning, checking the sealing performance and stem lubrication and so on. For work in harsh environments, such as media corrosive, impurities in the valve, the maintenance cycle should be appropriately shortened, may need to be inspected weekly, to identify and solve potential problems in a timely manner, to ensure that the normal operation of the valve and service life. Troubleshooting Hard seal gate valve leakage how to do? If the sealing surface leaks, the sealing surface may be worn, scratched, or there are impurities on the sealing surface. The valve can be disassembled first, check the sealing surface, if there is wear and tear, scratches, grinding repair, serious need to replace the gate or seat; if there are impurities on the sealing surface, clean up. If the valve body leakage, may be the valve body cracks or trachoma, minor cracks can be repaired by welding, but pay attention to the welding process and quality; if the cracks are larger or there are more trachoma, it is recommended to replace the valve body . In addition, if the connection part leaks, check whether the gasket is damaged, whether the bolt is loose, replace the gasket and re-tighten the bolt. Hard seal gate valve can not be normal opening and closing reasons and solutions? The reason may be that the gate is stuck by impurities, can not be lifted normally, then you need to disassemble the valve, clean up the impurities, to ensure that the gate moves freely. May also be the stem thread damage, rust, affecting the movement of the gate, should be cleaned up and rusted parts of the rust, lubrication treatment, serious damage to the valve stem needs to be replaced. There may also be drive device failure, such as electric drive motor damage, pneumatic drive air source problems, etc., need to check the drive device and carry out the appropriate maintenance or replacement. In addition, if the medium pressure is too high or too low, beyond the working range of the valve, may also affect the normal opening and closing of the valve, need to check the system pressure and adjust accordingly.